We present a novel, cost-effective, versatile, and practical fluorescence imaging modality, termed Fluorescence Frequency-Response Imaging (F-FRI), capable of imaging the frequency response of the time-resolved fluorescence emission excited at multiple wavelengths and measured at multiple spectral emission bands. Rigorous validation experiments have demonstrated the capabilities of F-FRI to accurately measure fluorescence frequency-response of fluorophores with lifetimes in the range of ~0.4-12 ns. This novel F-FRI imaging modality has been successfully translated for label-free metabolic endoscopic imaging of epithelial oral mucosa, and for label-free biochemical wide-field imaging of resected skin tumors during Mohs surgery.
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