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While photoacoustic imaging (PAI) continues to undergo clinical translation, evaluation of PAI devices remains challenging. Computational modeling offers an inexpensive and convenient approach to study fundamentals of device performance. Our objective was to develop a model to accurately predict PAI out-of-plane sensitivity effects. We combined 3D optical Monte Carlo simulations with the 2D and 3D acoustic propagation models in the k-Wave toolbox. Reconstructed images of an in silico phantom using 3D data showed that longer targets had higher contrast than shorter targets due to out-of-plane signal contributions. 3D computation modeling provided insights into PAI working mechanisms and performance limitations.
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Hsun-Chia Hsu, Nima Akhlaghi, Keith A. Wear, Brian S. Garra M.D., Joshua Pfefer, William C. Vogt, "Computational modeling of out-of-plane sensitivity effects in photoacoustic imaging," Proc. SPIE PC11951, Design and Quality for Biomedical Technologies XV, PC1195108 (7 March 2022); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2611780