There is currently a great demand for biomimetic advanced materials with simple and programmable production procedures, and polymeric actuators with soft-robotic capabilities are in the spotlight of this section. In this study, we will illustrate 4D printing phenomena by building actuator devices using various polymeric systems. Shape memory based hydrogels and composite polymers have been developed, and their 3D fabrication and physical properties have been extensively studied to understand how their responses vary with swelling degree, temperature, and light.
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