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The papers in this volume were part of the technical conference cited on the cover and title page. Papers were selected and subject to review by the editors and conference program committee. Some conference presentations may not be available for publication. Additional papers and presentation recordings may be available online in the SPIE Digital Library at SPIEDigitalLibrary.org. The papers reflect the work and thoughts of the authors and are published herein as submitted. The publisher is not responsible for the validity of the information or for any outcomes resulting from reliance thereon. Please use the following format to cite material from these proceedings: Author(s), “Title of Paper,” in Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XVIII, edited by Augustus W. Fountain III, Jason A. Guicheteau, Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 10183 (SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 2017) Seven-digit Article CID Number. ISSN: 0277-786X ISSN: 1996-756X (electronic) ISBN: 9781510608672 ISBN: 9781510608689 (electronic) Published by SPIE P.O. Box 10, Bellingham, Washington 98227-0010 USA Telephone +1 360 676 3290 (Pacific Time) · Fax +1 360 647 1445 Copyright © 2017, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. Copying of material in this book for internal or personal use, or for the internal or personal use of specific clients, beyond the fair use provisions granted by the U.S. Copyright Law is authorized by SPIE subject to payment of copying fees. The Transactional Reporting Service base fee for this volume is $18.00 per article (or portion thereof), which should be paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. Payment may also be made electronically through CCC Online at copyright.com. Other copying for republication, resale, advertising or promotion, or any form of systematic or multiple reproduction of any material in this book is prohibited except with permission in writing from the publisher. The CCC fee code is 0277-786X/17/$18.00. Printed in the United States of America. Publication of record for individual papers is online in the SPIE Digital Library.
Paper Numbering: Proceedings of SPIE follow an e-First publication model. A unique citation identifier (CID) number is assigned to each article at the time of publication. Utilization of CIDs allows articles to be fully citable as soon as they are published online, and connects the same identifier to all online and print versions of the publication. SPIE uses a seven-digit CID article numbering system structured as follows:
AuthorsNumbers in the index correspond to the last two digits of the seven-digit citation identifier (CID) article numbering system used in Proceedings of SPIE. The first five digits reflect the volume number. Base 36 numbering is employed for the last two digits and indicates the order of articles within the volume. Numbers start with 00, 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 0A, 0B…0Z, followed by 10-1Z, 20-2Z, etc. Alazarine, Aymeric, 0C Andrews, H. R., 0K Babamoradi, Hamid, 07 Baginski, M. J., 0K Bernacki, Bruce E., 06 Best, D., 0K Birnbaum, Jerome L., 06 Blanchard, Sébastien, 0C Breshike, Christopher J., 02 Buus, Ole T., 07 Clifford, E. T. H., 0K Cosofret, Bogdan R., 05 Danby, Tyler O., 06 Dick, M., 0K Dixon, John, 05 Dossi, Eleftheria, 07 Dupuis, Julia R., 05, 0I Facina, M., 0K Favier, Sylvain, 0C Fu, Yu, 0B Furstenberg, Robert, 02 Gardner, Charles W., 03 Georgan, Chelsea, 04 Giblin, Jay P., 05 Gomer, Nathaniel R., 03 Goyal, Anish K., 04 Hu, Qi, 0B Ice, Robert, 0E Ing, H., 0K Jakobsen, Mogens H., 07 Johnson, Timothy J., 06 Kelley, David B., 04 Kendziora, Christopher A., 02 Kotidis, Petros, 04 Kullander, F., 08, 09 Landström, L., 08, 09 Larsen, Jan, 07 Lässig, Lina, 07 Laustsen, Milan, 07 Lemoff, Brian, 0E Liu, Huan, 0B Lundén, H., 08, 09 Marinelli, William J., 05, 0I Martin, Robert, 0E Maulini, Richard, 04 McCormick, William, 0E McGill, R. Andrew, 02 Mølgaard, Lasse L., 07 Müller, Antoine, 04 Munk, Jens Kristian, 07 Murphy, Cara, 04 Myers, Tanya L., 06 Myers, Travis R., 04 Nelson, Matthew P., 03 Nguyen, Viet, 02 O’Keeffe, Caroline, 07 Raz, Gil, 04 Sandström, Lars, 07 Schundler, Elizabeth C., 0I Sluch, Mikhail, 0E Smith, Christian W., 0I Tatlow, Sol, 07 Taubman, Matthew S., 06 Tazik, Shawna, 03 Thygesen, Ida L., 07 Tonkyn, Russell G., 06 Verneau, Manon, 0C Verollet, Romain, 0C Wakeford, D., 0K Wästerby, Pär, 08, 09 Witt, Kenneth, 0E Wood, Derek A., 04 Wu, Hai-Shan, 0E Xie, Jiecheng, 0B Yellampalle, Balakishore, 0E Zhu, Ninghui, 04 Conference CommitteeSymposium Chair Symposium Co-chair Conference Chairs
Conference Program Committee
Session Chairs
IntroductionThe 18th meeting of the CBRNE Sensing Conference met as part of the 2017 SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing (DCS) Symposium in Anaheim, California. The Conference extended over the course of three days and contained 43 presentations. The Thursday sessions included joint sessions with the Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and the Applications and Advanced Environmental, Chemical, and Biological Sensing Technologies session. Although the conference was smaller this year than in the most recent past, all of the sessions were well attended. We plan to continue the Conference and hopefully increase the number of papers presented as the Conference travels with the 2018 SPIE DCS Symposium to Orlando, Florida. Key Papers and Highlights:Nathaniel R. Gomer of ChemImage Corporation (10183-2) presented Chemlmage’s work on the use of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) for stand-off detection. The ultimate goal is to provide an end user an automated detection capability. Chemlmage’s VeroVision is a product that is able to use sunlight as the external light source and provide portable stand-off detection up to 20 m for solid and liquid agents. Using this and other Chemlmage products (such as a Hyperspectral Raman Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometer), they are developing a sensor array suite that can be used as a passive stand-off detector. David B. Kelley of Block Engineering (10183-3) presented work funded by the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) Standoff Illuminator for Measuring Absorbance and Reflectance Infrared Light Signatures (SILMARILS) program. The work uses a mid-infrared HSI quantum cascading laser (QCL) to distinguish chemicals according to their reflectance spectrum. Currently, the limits of detection are slightly under 1 μg/cm2, and the research group is developing signature models for different materials on multiple surfaces with varying morphologies. Jan Larsen of the Technical University of Denmark (10183-6) presented research detailing an approach to detect drug- and explosives-precursors using colorimetric sensor technology for air sampling. The technology used a series of 0.7 mm diameter, 1-mm spaced ink dots in a 15x15 array on a disposable cassette. There were 27 dyes (8 replicates) in the process, but conceivably more or less inks can be used depending on what is to be detected. The absolute color of the dots was not important but rather the color change over time. Principal Component Analysis was used to determine whether an analyte could be discriminated or not. Explosive and illegal drug precursors were able to be discriminated, even with confounding substances. Michael R. Papantonakis of the United States Naval Research Lab. (10183-14) presented research that investigated the physical and environmental factors that affect the persistence of explosive particles. While the research focused on explosive materials, similar work can be performed for chemical and biological agents. There are multiple confounding parameters that contribute to the fate of an agent on a particular surface, including particle and size density, temperature, chemical, airflow, humidity, and adlayer (fingerprint residues). Sharene Young of the Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Div. (10187-1) presented an overview of the university/industry partnership to develop X-ray detection technologies from a technology readiness level (TRL) of 4/5 to 6/7. A major aspect of the program’s Phase I was for stakeholder engagement with open communication, socialization of potential need, and implementation possibilities, where current interactions and relationships could foster future collaboration. Phase II involved preliminary Testing and Evaluation (T&E) (breadboard testing), signature T&E (Analysis of Alternatives), secondary T&E (data collection in “real world” test scheme), and critical design review (analysis of testing and design for improvements). Future programs of similar nature will focus on lower TRLs. Julia R. Dupuis of Physical Sciences, Inc. (10194-101) presented her research on long wave QCLs for long-range surface contaminant stand-off detection. The limits of detection shown for chemical warfare agents, toxic industrial chemicals, toxic industrial materials, and explosives were approximately 0.1 μg/cm2, although there was some noise at smaller concentrations. Once again I want to thank my committee and co-Chairman who really make this conference happen. There is no way I could review all the abstracts and proceedings papers or host all the sessions without them. I am confident that this conference remains the most important means of bringing together the leaders in the field of CBRNE sensing from every sector; government, academia and industry. I hope to see the Conference return in full when we travel to Orlando next year. Augustus Way Fountain III Jason A. Guicheteau |
