Quasi-phase matching in integrated lithium-niobate whispering galleries

Ingo Breunig; Karsten Buse

doi:10.1117/12.2509835

4 March 2019 Quasi-phase matching in integrated lithium-niobate whispering galleries

Ingo Breunig, Karsten Buse

Proceedings Volume 10904, Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XXI; 1090403 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2509835
Event: SPIE LASE, 2019, San Francisco, California, United States

Abstract

Whispering-gallery resonators (WGRs) made of lithium niobate are very attractive for nonlinear-optical frequency conversion due to their small mode volumes and high Q-factors. To achieve phase matching, methods like birefringent phase matching and quasi phase matching (QPM) have been employed in millimeter-sized bulk WGRs. Among these, the latter provides ultimate flexibility in terms of wavelengths and polarization of the interacting waves. Integrated on-chip WGRs are in particular very appealing due to the possibility of building photonic circuits and the usage of highly-parallel and thus scalable semiconductor manufacturing techniques. Integrated WGRs are, however, fabricated on thin-film substrates. This leads to one major drawback: QPM is hard to achieve, since it is difficult to realize periodically-poled thin films by field-assisted domain inversion. We report on a method to resolve this issue. First, we do domain engineering in bulk material. Next, we bond this sample on a quartz substrate by direct wafer bonding and finally we polish the lithium niobate to a 2-μm-thick film. By lithography and reactive-ion etching we structure waveguide rings with 200 μm diameter into the thin film. Subsequent polishing of the waveguide sidewalls decreases surface-scattering losses and enables on-chip WGRs with quality factors exceeding one million. This allowed us to demonstrate for the first time quasi-phase matched second-harmonic generation in integrated WGRs, pumped by light with 1550 nm wavelength, obtaining a normalized conversion efficiency of 0.9 ‰/mW. Being now able to deploy type-0 and type-ii phase matching opens entirely new possibilities for frequency conversion with on-chip WGRs.

Conference Presentation

Citation Download Citation

Ingo Breunig and Karsten Buse "Quasi-phase matching in integrated lithium-niobate whispering galleries", Proc. SPIE 10904, Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XXI, 1090403 (4 March 2019); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2509835

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