Label-free spectroscopic diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma

Enrico Baria; Simone Morselli; Suresh Anand; Riccardo Fantechi; A. Sebastianelli; Mauro Gacci; Sergio Serni; Riccardo Cicchi; Francesco S. Pavone

doi:10.1117/12.2526855

19 July 2019 Label-free spectroscopic diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma

Enrico Baria, Simone Morselli, Suresh Anand, Riccardo Fantechi, A. Sebastianelli, Mauro Gacci, Sergio Serni, Riccardo Cicchi, Francesco S. Pavone

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Proceedings Volume 11073, Clinical and Preclinical Optical Diagnostics II; 1107305 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2526855
Event: European Conferences on Biomedical Optics, 2019, Munich, Germany

Abstract

The most common type of bladder cancer is urothelial carcinoma (UC), whose treatment depends from both tumour extension (stage) and aggressiveness (grade). The gold standard for detecting UC is white-light cystoscopy, followed by tissue biopsy and pathological examination for determining tumour stage and grade. However, such process is invasive, time-consuming and prone to sampling errors. In this framework, optical spectroscopy techniques provide fast, label-free and non-invasive alternatives to standard histopathology. Thus, we combined auto-fluorescence, diffuse reflectance and Raman spectroscopy in a compact and transportable setup based on an optical fibre-probe. The latter was coupled to three laser diodes (emitting at 378 nm, 445 nm and 785 nm) and to a halogen lamp for exciting and collecting autofluorescence, Raman and reflectance spectra, respectively. This experimental setup was used for studying fresh biopsies of urothelial tumour (103 samples) and healthy bladder (34 samples) collected from 63 patients undergoing Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumours (TURBT). All spectral recordings were done within 30 minutes from surgical resection, and optical inspection required less than 2 minutes for each sample. The recorded data were analysed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for obtaining an automated classification of the examined samples based on the intrinsic spectral information provided by all three techniques. We found that multimodal spectroscopy provides high-sensitivity, high-specificity discriminating capability for UC detection, grading and staging. The presented strategy generates results similar to gold standard histology, but in a fast and label-free way, offering the potential for endoscopic in vivo applications.

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Enrico Baria, Simone Morselli, Suresh Anand, Riccardo Fantechi, A. Sebastianelli, Mauro Gacci, Sergio Serni, Riccardo Cicchi, and Francesco S. Pavone "Label-free spectroscopic diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma", Proc. SPIE 11073, Clinical and Preclinical Optical Diagnostics II, 1107305 (19 July 2019); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2526855

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KEYWORDS

Raman spectroscopy

Spectroscopy

Bladder

Tissues

Principal component analysis

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy

Fluorescence spectroscopy

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