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Spectral methods for the detection and analysis of ionizing radiation sources are widely used in many fields of science and technology. Ecology, geology and mineralogy, metallurgy and the chemical industry, the oil industry and medicine - this is not the whole list of areas where the gamma-ray spectrometer acts as an independent software and hardware tool. Scintillation spectrometers are used to monitor the radiation environment, to search for sources of ionizing radiation, tomography and much more. However, this method is based on the use of vacuum photoelectronic multipliers (PMTs), which complicates the use of devices in the field. This article presents an analysis of gamma-ray scintillation spectrometers built on the basis of silicon photoelectronic multipliers (SiPM). The fields of application of field gamma spectrometers are considered and the basic requirements that the devices must meet to ensure the successful solution of the tasks are determined. The basic principles of the development of field scintillation gamma spectrometers that take into account the processes and transformations of the optical range radiation inside the detector are described. Moreover, the article describes personal experience in the development of an experimental sample of a field gamma spectrometer based on SiPM. In this article, the use of field device refers to any use outside of laboratory conditions.
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