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Warm laser shock processing (WLSP) is an innovative method of surface modification to obviously improve materials’ surface strength stability and service performance in elevated temperature, due to the thermal-mechanical interaction of Laser shock processing, Dynamic strain aging and Dynamic precipitation. In the work, the fundamental mechanism and technological difficulty of WLSP are summarized. The technology can’t be applied in industry ripely for lacking new absorbed layer and confined layer, the method of controlling temperature precisely. The research progress of WLSP in the surface modification is analyzed respectively from the surface’s profiles, the residual stress’ amplitude and stability, the microstructure evolution, and service performance et al. in modified materials. Elevated temperature and severe plastic deformation are the key factors of WLSP, and nano precipitates and high-density dislocations induced in the process are the basic reasons for the thermal stability of residual stress and microstructure. In addition, after reviewing the influence of severe plastic deformation, the pinning effect of nanoscale precipitation and high dislocation on the materials’ structure, the problems of the technology are pointed out, providing a theoretical basis in the field.
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