Current and future military operations rely on the use of multiple dissimilar platforms ranging from unmanned and manned ground, aerial, naval, and space vehicles, the aggregation of which leads to Multi-Domain Operations (MDOs). The individual vehicular-based platforms are characterized by the presence of three components: (1) power/energy generation, (2) energy storage, and (3) mechanical/electrical/chemical/thermal-based energy demands. Inadequate understanding of the energy consumption, generation, and demand in combination with the energy reserves may limit mission effectiveness and efficiency, which in turn can reduce the effectiveness and flexibility of military operations. To mitigate energy degradation and maximize mission capabilities, energy and exergy characterizations for each individual component, platform, and system must be established and used to develop operational intelligence. Using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML), energy and exergy flow characterizations may be developed and exploited. Using MATLAB/Simulink, vehicular models have been developed in combination with prediction-based algorithms using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Long-Short-Term-Memory (LSTMs) networks. The neural networks are used to; (1) approximate energy flow characterizations from on-board sensors which link dissimilar energy flows (electrical to thermal, or electricalmechanical to thermal, etc.), and (2) predict future energy flow characterizations which could be incorporated into a Model Predictive Control (MPC) Energy Management Strategy (EMS) in which energy degradation and efficiency can be altered, flexibly managing mission capabilities while improving resilience and survivability. The full paper will include a more thorough analysis of the individual predictive algorithms and the MPC-based control results.
|