A fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) based system, constituted by six sensors, for wheelchair users muscle effort monitoring was proposed. Each sensor consists in one FBG embedded in epoxy resin, which was secured to Kinesio tape through a 3D printed connection system. After the approval of the Ethics and Deontology Committee and the Data Protection Officer of the University of Aveiro (Portugal), the sensors were implemented to evaluate wheelchair users muscle effort. The sensors were placed on the biceps, deltoids, and triceps (three sensors in each arm) of four wheelchairs users’ volunteers, which were asked to perform several exercises. The arms’ muscle effort required was estimated through the FBGs wavelength shift, which was related with the deformation of the epoxy resin during some of the wheelchair users’ daily movements: varying the typical used hand patterns on horizontal plane (pattern A, B and D); vertical and inclined dips; and going up and down a ramp. The results reveal that on the horizontal plane, the movement characterized by minor hand swings in relation to the wheelchair rim (pattern A), requires a smaller muscle effort, and the dips were the exercise requested to wheelchair users which demand the highest and most sudden muscle effort applied in the arms. The proposed system may be used to monitor and quantify the muscle effort related to any movement, aiding on the choice of techniques to promote the reduction of the muscle fatigue, and therefore contributing to the improvement of wheelchair user quality of life.
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