New energy vehicles, mainly electric vehicles, are an inevitable choice for the development of the modern green economy. As its main power source, lithium-ion battery has a direct impact on the performance and cost of new energy vehicles. Through a brief description of the current environmental situation, new energy vehicles were raised, and the advantages of power lithium battery are introduced by comparing with other batteries. The development status of ternary lithium battery and lithium iron phosphate battery in China is summarized, and the battery matching of mainstream auto companies is compared. The development trend of lithium-ion battery is prospected from the point of view of cathode and anode materials, electrolyte and separator. The result shows that, under the premise of meeting the safety and life index, greatly increasing the energy density of battery will be the development trend of power lithium battery. High-voltage and high capacitance cathode, silicon anode, high voltage-resistant electrolytes, solid electrolytes, and high temperature-resistant separators will have broad prospects.
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