In-stent restenosis (ISR) and its associated inflammation remains a significant concern for long-term patient outcomes following stent implantation in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The problem is intricately associated with endothelial injury, excessive endothelialization, hyperproliferation of smooth muscle cells, and the infiltration of inflammatory molecules. However, commonly employed imaging techniques encounter challenges in simultaneously acquiring both vascular structural information and functional data related to inflammation. Here, we presented a novel Tri modality intravascular imaging system capable of simultaneous optical coherence tomography (OCT), near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF), ultrasound (US) imaging, and fabricated the OCT-NIRF-US catheter which outer diameter is 0.75 mm, aiming to provide a more comprehensive diagnostic tool for ISR and its associated inflammation. Experiments were conducted on atherosclerotic rabbits implanted with a scaffold, divided into two groups (n=3 each group) for assessment on the first and twenty-eighth day, respectively. Primary results demonstrated that the integrated OCT-NIRF-US intravascular system enables complementary structural imaging and functional imaging of inflammation. The system presents the potential to offer a more accurate assessment, providing with valuable insights into the ISR processing and assisting in the development of more precise clinical strategies.
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