Paper
3 October 2024 Thermomechanical modeling and optimization of infrared focal plane arrays: the impact of packaging assemblies
Author Affiliations +
Abstract
The established technological standards, architectures, and material choices in the realm of advanced infrared (IR) imaging has enabled the design of high-resolution and high-range IR focal plane arrays (IRFPAs) while minimizing the cost, size, weight, and power consumption of the device. HgCdTe (MCT) has also emerged as the standard choice for the IRFPA device's detector layer as semiconductor material due to its high performance-to-cost, ability to operate optimally at extreme temperatures, and access to new application domains like two-color, active, and passive shortwave infrared (SWIR) imaging. Recent work has focused on a thermomechanical-stress-aware approach for advanced integration of IRFPAs leading to the design of Modified Direct Bond Interconnect (MoDiBI) integration technology which offers the possibility to venture toward design and fabrication of small pixel pitch, large format IRFPAs with longer term operational reliability. In the thermomechanical stress aware approach, finite element modeling is used to predict the effects of cyclic thermal load on the device's components. The device's geometry and materials are optimized based on the prediction.

Hitherto, however, such thermomechanical-stress-aware design has been focused on the detector-readout assemblies. The effect of the IRFPA packaging on the overall IRFPA performance under thermal load remains underexplored. Typically, the packaging involves a Balanced Composite Structure (BCS) sandwiched between the detector chip and the base plate for improving the thermomechanical reliability. In this work, we discuss the impact material choices in BCS has on the induced thermal stresses in critical components of the detector-readout assembly. We show that for an existing intricate and non-linear interplay between the detector chip, Si ROIC, and the BCS components, it may be beneficial to tune the thickness of the Si ROIC and to consider multi-parameter geometry and material optimization for designing IRFPA and packaging assemblies with optimal thermal performance. Further, we also suggest the novel material properties within the BCS stack that yield optimal thermomechanical response in the detector chip for chosen device configurations.
(2024) Published by SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Vineet Kumar, Kiran Sasikumar, Yong Chang, Subramanian KRS Sankaranarayanan, Silviu Velicu, and Sushant Sonde "Thermomechanical modeling and optimization of infrared focal plane arrays: the impact of packaging assemblies", Proc. SPIE 13145, Infrared Sensors, Devices, and Applications XIV, 1314508 (3 October 2024); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3028277
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KEYWORDS
Readout integrated circuits

Silicon

Packaging

Metals

Mercury cadmium telluride

Indium

Dielectrics

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