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Infrared is an electromagnetic spectrum at a wavelength longer than the visible light. Infrared remote sensing systems can work both day and night, can cross thin cloud layer, and distinguish camouflage material, so they are more and more important and have applied in multiple fields. Point target detection infrared remote sensing technology has been widely used in astronomical observation, system defense, imaging guidance and etc. The point target is so far that the solid angle of the system is much smaller than the instantaneous field of view of the remote sensor itself, and it requires the infrared remote sensing system with high SNR. The design and construction of the SNR test system for point target imaging IR remote sensors was described in the article. The infrared target background simulator is the key component of the SNR test system. The simulator mainly consists of three parts: a cold plate, a vacuum cryogenic blackbody, and a 3-D electrical adjuster. The cold plate simulates the detection background, and micro holes are distributed on the cold plate to simulate the detection of point targets. By effectively controlling the thermal insulation and temperature control between the target simulator and the background simulator, as well as the thermal insulation between the background simulator and the tested remote sensor, stable testing can be achieved. In addition, by combining simulation optimization with practical experience, the influence of the simulator's cold plate thickness, the target phase, the collimator, etc. can be removed through simulation calculation, effectively improving the testing accuracy. By combining advanced thermal control, precise positioning, and simulation optimization, the simulator achieves high levels of accuracy and reliability in testing infrared remote sensing point target detection systems. The simulation analysis method and verification results presented in this article have important implications for the signal-to-noise ratio detection experiment of infrared remote sensing point target detection. By providing a detailed design and construction framework for a cryogenic vacuum infrared target background simulator, the article contributes to the advancement of remote sensing technology and enhances our ability to detect and analyze point targets in complex environments.
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