Coherent effects associated to the multiple scattering of classical waves in dense media and rough surfaces have been a subject of great interest in the last few years. An important property of the speckle fluctuations is that they generally follow Gaussian first order statistics; namely, the real and imaginary parts of the complex amplitude are Gaussian distributed and uncorrelated, its modulus has a Rayleigh probability density function (PDF), and its intensity follows a negative exponential density distribution. On reflection, very small samples have been shown to produce, both in multiple scattering and in single scattering, speckle fluctuations with non-Gaussian first order statistics.
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