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We describe a new type of shearing interferometer, with the capacity to control the amount and the direction of displacement shear. The vectorial shearing interferometer is based on the Mach-Zehnder configuration, by incorporating the displacement shearing system. It is composed of a pair of wedge prisms that modify with a high degree of precision the optical path length and the tilt of the sheared wave front with respect to that of the reference wave front. When the shearing direction is chosen along the CCD pixel rows and columns, a 2D derivative of the phase function is obtained, allowing its complete recovery in two-dimensions. The variable shear and tilt may be implemented along any other direction with the particularly beneficial characteristics that the number of fringes and their orientation may be controlled with the shear direction and its magnitude.
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