Digital image watermarking on a special object: the human face

HwangSeok Oh; Duk-Ho Chang; Choong-Hoon Lee; Heung-Kyu Lee

doi:10.1117/12.385009

9 May 2000 Digital image watermarking on a special object: the human face

HwangSeok Oh, Duk-Ho Chang, Choong-Hoon Lee, Heung-Kyu Lee

Proceedings Volume 3971, Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents II; (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.385009
Event: Electronic Imaging, 2000, San Jose, CA, United States

Abstract

In this paper, we present a method for protection of digital contents by using the watermark embedding in special object, especially, human faces. To insert the watermark signals that are composed of noise like binary signals, we first localize the face regions within images by using the color and edge information. The skin color area is filtered out and then edge detector is applied for skin area to find out face features. These features are used for decision whether the skin area is face region or not. The face region is divide non-overlapping sub-blocks and a watermark bit is inserted into the each sub- block by considering the block activity. We insert a watermark bit in DCT domain of each sub-block. The level of modification of the DCT coefficients is determined considering the block variance. The non-zero coefficients of the DCT are selected and modified according to the robustness levels. Then, inverse DCT is performed. The extraction of the watermark is performed by comparing the original image in DCT domain. The robustness of the watermarking is similar to the other methods in DCT, but it has good visual qualities and less intended external piracy in terms of psychology.

Citation Download Citation

HwangSeok Oh, Duk-Ho Chang, Choong-Hoon Lee, and Heung-Kyu Lee "Digital image watermarking on a special object: the human face", Proc. SPIE 3971, Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents II, (9 May 2000); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.385009

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KEYWORDS

Digital watermarking

Image segmentation

Skin

Digital imaging

Facial recognition systems

Image processing

Visualization

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