Investigation of thermal annealing by gamma irradiation at room temperature in LiNbO3 crystals

Andrzej L. Bajor; Slawomir Maksymilian Kaczmarek; Izabella Pracka; Marek Swirkowicz; Teresa Wronska

doi:10.1117/12.435826

10 August 2001 Investigation of thermal annealing by gamma irradiation at room temperature in LiNbO₃crystals

Andrzej L. Bajor, Slawomir Maksymilian Kaczmarek, Izabella Pracka, Marek Swirkowicz, Teresa Wronska

Proceedings Volume 4412, International Conference on Solid State Crystals 2000: Growth, Characterization, and Applications of Single Crystals; (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.435826
Event: International Conference on Solid State Crystals 2000, 2000, Zakopane, Poland

Abstract

An interesting phenomenon of thermal annealing in gamma irradiated undoped, and photorefractive Cu- and Fe-doped, Z- oriented LiNbO₃ crystal has been observed. Prior and after each gamma irradiation the crystals were thermally annealed in the air at 800 degrees C for a couple of hours. Optical homogeneity was investigated on the entire area of LiNbO₃ wafers by measuring distributions of birefringence, the principal azimuth, transmission, and parameters associated with birefringence dispersion, and also by measurements of additional absorption in a few wafers' points. It has been rather unexpectedly observed that the classical thermal annealing can lead to a decease in optical homogeneity in the majority of cases. It is attributed to generation of an internal electric field by the pyroelectric effect, and to the electrooptic effect involved thereafter. On the other hand, the secondary electrons generated by gamma irradiation are believed to increase the optical homogeneity by increasing the crystal's conductivity and dissipating this field. A uniform temperature heating across the wafer generated by this irradiation is also a helpful factor in this gamma- annealing. It has been found that this effect at room temperature by this irradiation is also a helpful factor in this gamma-annealing. It has been found that this effect at room temperature is small for gamma irradiation of 10⁵ Gy, while increasing the doses to 10⁶ Gy and 10⁷ Gy can profile in a considerable reduction of the optical inhomogeneity. A certain influence of Cu-doping on this effect has also been observed.

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Andrzej L. Bajor, Slawomir Maksymilian Kaczmarek, Izabella Pracka, Marek Swirkowicz, and Teresa Wronska "Investigation of thermal annealing by gamma irradiation at room temperature in LiNbO₃crystals", Proc. SPIE 4412, International Conference on Solid State Crystals 2000: Growth, Characterization, and Applications of Single Crystals, (10 August 2001); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.435826

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