Paper
14 October 2004 Variable-focus liquid lens for portable applications
Stein Kuiper, Benno H.W. Hendriks, Laura J. Huijbregts, A. Mico Hirschberg, Christel A. Renders, Marco A.J. van As
Author Affiliations +
Abstract
The meniscus between two immiscible liquids can be used as an optical lens. A change in curvature of this meniscus by electrowetting leads to a change in focal distance. We demonstrate that two liquids in a tube form a self-centered tunable lens of high optical quality. Several properties were studied, such as optical performance, electrical characteristics and dynamic behavior. We designed and constructed a miniature camera module based on this tunable lens and show that it is very well suited for use in portable applications.
© (2004) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Stein Kuiper, Benno H.W. Hendriks, Laura J. Huijbregts, A. Mico Hirschberg, Christel A. Renders, and Marco A.J. van As "Variable-focus liquid lens for portable applications", Proc. SPIE 5523, Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical Engineering V, (14 October 2004); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.555980
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CITATIONS
Cited by 31 scholarly publications and 1 patent.
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KEYWORDS
Liquids

Cameras

Liquid lenses

Modulation transfer functions

Electrodes

Glasses

Refractive index

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