Digital image watermarking spread-space spread-spectrum technique based on double random phase encoding

Shi Liu; Bryan M. Hennelly; John T. Sheridan

doi:10.1117/12.2007660

15 October 2012 Digital image watermarking spread-space spread-spectrum technique based on double random phase encoding

Shi Liu, Bryan M. Hennelly, John T. Sheridan

Proceedings Volume 8498, Optics and Photonics for Information Processing VI; 84980R (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2007660
Event: SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, 2012, San Diego, California, United States

Abstract

In this paper a digital invisible image watermarking technique is proposed based on the numerical simulation of optical Double Random Phase Encoding (DRPE). This technique utilizes the capability of the DRPE to spread the energy of the input information in both the space and the spatial frequency domains using two different users. The watermark is in the form of a digital barcode image which is numerically encrypted using a simulation of the optical DRPE process. This produces a random complex image, which is then processed to form a real valued random image with a low number of quantization levels. This signal is added to the host image. Extraction of the barcode, involves applying an inverse DRPE process to the watermarked image followed by a low pass filter. The results presented indicate the feasibility and robustness of the proposed method and it is demonstrated that even when using very few quantization levels, i.e. 2-levels, the watermark can still be extracted with very small errors.

Citation Download Citation

Shi Liu, Bryan M. Hennelly, and John T. Sheridan "Digital image watermarking spread-space spread-spectrum technique based on double random phase encoding", Proc. SPIE 8498, Optics and Photonics for Information Processing VI, 84980R (15 October 2012); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2007660

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KEYWORDS

Digital watermarking

Image encryption

Image processing

Digital imaging

Quantization

Signal detection

Computer programming

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