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Sponsored by SPIE Cosponsored by PolarOnyx, Inc. (United States) Published by SPIE The papers included in this volume were part of the technical conference cited on the cover and title page. Papers were selected and subject to review by the editors and conference program committee. Some conference presentations may not be available for publication. The papers published in these proceedings reflect the work and thoughts of the authors and are published herein as submitted. The publisher is not responsible for the validity of the information or for any outcomes resulting from reliance thereon. Please use the following format to cite material from this book: Author(s), "Title of Paper," in Laser 3D Manufacturing II, edited by Henry Helvajian, Alberto Piqué, Martin Wegener, Bo Gu, Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 9353 (SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 2015) Article CID Number. ISSN: 0277-786X ISBN: 9781628414431 Published by SPIE P.O. Box 10, Bellingham, Washington 98227-0010 USA Telephone +1 360 676 3290 (Pacific Time)· Fax + 1 360 647 1445 Copyright © 2015, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. Copying of material in this book for internal or personal use, or for the internal or personal use of specific clients, beyond the fair use provisions granted by the U.S. Copyright Law is authorized by SPIE subject to payment of copying fees. The Transactional Reporting Service base fee for this volume is $18.00 per article (or portion thereof), which should be paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. Payment may also be made electronically through CCC Online at copyright.com. Other copying for republication, resale, advertising or promotion, or any form of systematic or multiple reproduction of any material in this book is prohibited except with permission in writing from the publisher. The CCC fee code is 0277-786X/15/$18.00. Printed in the United States of America. Publication of record for individual papers is online in the SPIE Digital Library.
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Conference Committee
IntroductionAt the second meeting of the Laser 3D Manufacturing conference, the following topical areas were addressed:
The formal portion of the conference comprised two full days, with an additional day to hold a joint session with the Laser Applications in Microelectronic and Optoelectronic Manufacturing (LAMOM) conference, which addressed the topic of Laser Induced Forward Transfer (LIFT) as it applies to 3D manufacturing. The goal of the conference remained the assembling of experts in topical areas pertinent to advancing 3D manufacturing. In our opinion, this includes not only addressing issues with regards to the manufacturing technique, but also those of process design, control, and monitoring. In the 2015 event, there was an increased focus in process control and monitoring to address industrial criticisms regarding process repeatability and reliability. The 3D manufacturing technique—whether it is by sintering (as for metals), or single photon or its high-finesse "cousin" two-photon polymerization for plastics—has already proven the complexity of shapes that can be realized (with feature sizes now measured down to tens of nanometers for polymers). However, there were several industrial "concerns" that were voiced at the meeting.
Various approaches to address these issues were presented: with process control and monitoring offering a means to solve the defect problem; the use of a highpower fs laser for 3D manufacturing to mitigate the surface finish issue and the use of specialty materials; oxygen quenching; and parallel light projection to enhance the speed of two-photon polymerization. While the conference did address practical or industrial concerns, there were also new capabilities made possible by laser 3D processing. A few examples were described only to showcase the extent. Due to the high temperatures required, fusing tungsten powder/metal is difficult to accomplish with CW fiber lasers. Consequently, 3D metal parts made out of tungsten have not been demonstrated. However, the process becomes amenable when a high-power fs laser is used. Also, it is clear that nature applies hierarchical approaches to form structures. Several presentations addressed the development of high strength and lightweight hierarchical materials based on laser 3D manufacturing that could be applied to photonics and biomimetics; and many of the structures also have mechanical metamaterial properties. Finally, while it is the hardware and the techniques that continue to fascinate with the types of 3D structures that can be fabricated, it is the software logic, the CADCAM, and the simulations that permit the design of the complex shapes. Presentations addressed architecture for multiscale simulation and strategies for reliable selective melting. 3D manufacturing promises much, and many of these promises remain to be demonstrated. It is only through forums such as this conference where technical exchanges among the laser users, the materials developers, the tool manufacturers, and the software (CADCAM) and controls experts will decide what is of value. The Chairs thank our conference sponsor, PolarOnyx, Inc. of San Jose, California for their generous support and look forward to 3D Manufacturing III, one year hence. Henry Helvajian Alberto Piqué Martin Wegener Bo Gu |
