|
1.INTRODUCTIONOptics and photonics have exciting history closely tied with modern science. For receiving the harmonious education in this field it is necessary to trace the development of optics from early beginning up to current state. Such panorama of optics development arise deep interest of pupils to the subject of investigation and give fundamental knowledge. Sun light as main source of energy and basis of life was the most important object of investigation during the whole period of civilization evolution. Vision as the main source of information about the surrounded world determined the evolution of human intellect. The direct sky objects observation during thousand years helped to predict nature cycle changes and to fix man in time and space. Control of Sun, Moon and planets trajectories gave the calendar to many nations. Many megalithic facilities and observatories were built for this and religious purposes. Viewfinder as one of the first optical instrument was created as the result of ancient visual observations. Other ancient optical elements such as mirrors, lenses and magic spheres were the result of handicraft activity in metallurgy and jeweler’s art. Transparent crystals processing and glass-making create the basis of ancient optical materials. During the prehistoric period optics had a syncretic stage with ancient philosophy and religion and had a magic context. Greek and Roman antiquity was characterized by serious interest to nature of light and mechanisms of vision. The famous Greek thinkers founded the basis of geometric optics, catoptrics, dioptrics and meteors. The contribution of outstanding scientists Euclid, Archimedes and Ptolemy to optics produced a strong influence on following ages. The main achievement of middle ages was the invention of glasses, while the main achievement of Renaissance was the development of perspective theory, demonstrating the optical knowledge penetration into fine arts technology. In our paper the general context with selected illustrations of two our books is presented to give the common impression of collected information on civilizations history seen by optician eyes. 2.FIVE MILLENIUM OF OPTICS: PREHISTORYIntroduction 12 Chapter 1. Sun and Life 17
Chapter 2. The cradle of intellect 44 Chapter 3. Megalithic viewfinders 100
Chapter 4. Gnomons and ancient temples orientation 164
Chapter 5. Archaic optics: materials and elements 231 5.4. First glass 273 Application. Ancient optical mysteries 282
6. Quartz sculls (fig 10). Conclusion 294 Literature (295 pos.) 296 3.FIVE MILLENIUM OF OPTICS: ANTIQUITYIntroduction 7 Part I. Principles of antique optics 26 Chapter 1. Antique mythology and light metaphysics 27
Chapter 2. Main stages of scientific knowledge evolution 52
Chapter 3. Physical theories of visual perception 104
Chapter 4. Vision physiology and psychology 148
Part II. Mathematical principles of optics 190 Chapter 5. Studies of direct vision 191
Chapter 6. Catoptrics 220
Chapter 7. Dioptrics 257
Chapter 8. Meteors
Part III. The beginning of applied optics 297 Chapter 9. Optical materials, elements and technologies 298 Chapter 10. First optical instruments 341
Chapter 11. Optics and arts 382 Conclusion 413 Applications 440 Archit and optics 440 Lucretsy and vision 444 Theofrast 458 Literature (393 pos.) 464 We hope that brief review will give the common impression about the context of our books. The conference on education and training in optics and photonics at Technium OpTIC at St. Asaph is a good opportunity to discuss possible profit of translating two volumes of “FIVE MILLENIUM OF OPTICS” into English. The authors use the study of optics history for education in optics and photonics themselves and recommend other specialist to follow their practice. |