Full-field optical coherence tomography (FFOCT) offers a fast and non-destructive method of obtaining images of
biological tissues at ultrahigh resolution, approaching traditional histological sections. In the context of prostate cancer
diagnosis involving multiple biopsies, FFOCT could be used to validate the cores just after they are obtained in order to
guide the number of biopsies to be performed. The aim of the study was to define and test a training protocol for efficient
FFOCT prostate biopsy assessment. Three readers (a pathologist with previous experience with FFOCT, a pathologist
new to FFOCT, and a urologist new to FFOCT) were trained to read FFOCT images of prostate biopsies on a set of 20
commented zooms (1 mm field of view) and 25 complete images. They were later tested on a set of 115 anonymized and
randomized images of prostate biopsies. The results showed that an extra 30 images were necessary for more complete
training as compared to prior studies. After training, pathologists obtained 100% sensitivity on high-grade cancer
detection and 96% overall specificity; the urologist obtained 88% sensitivity on high-grade cancer and 89% overall
specificity. Overall, the readers obtained a mean of 93% accuracy of qualifying malignancy on prostate biopsies.
Moreover, the two pathologists showed a steeper learning curve than the urologist. This study demonstrates that a
training protocol for such a new imaging modality may be implemented and yield very high efficiency for the pre-histologic
detection of malignancy on prostate biopsies.
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