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Recent experimental and theoretical studies have revealed that orbital transport could provide an alternative mechanism for efficient spin manipulation in the form of orbital torque. This study presents experimental studies on charge-to-orbital conversion and orbital torque in CoFe/Cu/Oxide heterostructures. In these systems, the charge-to-orbital conversion mainly occurs at the Cu/Oxide interface via the orbital Rashba-Edelstein effect. Although we observe sizeable orbital torque in all structures, the torque efficiency varies more than twice depending on the Oxide. Moreover, the torque efficiency can be changed by annealing and/or oxygen incorporation by a maximum of three times.
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