Pulsatile 3D-printed multilayer optical phantoms with microchannels for testing pulse oximeters

Derek Bashe; Michael Butler; Anmol Jarang; Quinlan McGrath; Mohammed Shahriar Arefin; Chetan A. Patil; Christine M. O'Brien; Leonid Shmuylovich

doi:10.1117/12.3002150

13 March 2024 Pulsatile 3D-printed multilayer optical phantoms with microchannels for testing pulse oximeters

Derek Bashe, Michael Butler, Anmol Jarang, Quinlan McGrath, Mohammed Shahriar Arefin, Chetan A. Patil, Christine M. O'Brien, Leonid Shmuylovich

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Proceedings Volume PC12833, Design and Quality for Biomedical Technologies XVII; PC128330B (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3002150
Event: SPIE BiOS, 2024, San Francisco, California, United States

Abstract

Understanding pigmentation’s effect on pulse oximetry is critical amid evidence that pulse oximetry is less accurate for patients with pigmented skin. Optical phantoms can help validate oximeters, but commercial phantoms do not vary pigmentation. We develop a resin-based 3D printing method that generates mechanically flexible phantoms with tunable optical properties and <100 µm diameter channels. Using a reflectance-mode Maxim 86171 pulse oximeter, we evaluate how photoplethysmogram waveforms change as phantom pigmentation increases, and test an algorithm for estimating pigmentation from waveforms alone. 3D-printed phantoms can provide a platform for testing pulse oximeter performance across the spectrum of human pigmentation.

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Derek Bashe, Michael Butler, Anmol Jarang, Quinlan McGrath, Mohammed Shahriar Arefin, Chetan A. Patil, Christine M. O'Brien, and Leonid Shmuylovich "Pulsatile 3D-printed multilayer optical phantoms with microchannels for testing pulse oximeters", Proc. SPIE PC12833, Design and Quality for Biomedical Technologies XVII, PC128330B (13 March 2024); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3002150

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KEYWORDS

Oximeters

Optical phantoms

Infrared radiation

Oximetry

Scattering

Signal attenuation

Skin

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