Optical techniques enable the non-contact surface measurement of three-dimensional objects at sub-micrometer resolution. However, they typically require the acquisition of multiple images at different axial positions, a time-consuming task that strongly limits imaging speed. Here, we propose Encoded Search Focal Scan (ESFS), a method able to reconstruct sample height maps from an order-of-magnitude reduced set of images. We demonstrate ESFS measurements over axial ranges exceeding 100 µm at sub-micrometric resolution while using only 8 input images. This leads to striking reconstruction rates of 67 topographies per second, opening the door to the real-time characterization of large and rapidly moving systems.
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