4 July 2024 Copy-move forgery detection algorithm based on binarized statistical image features and principal component analysis
Azzedine Bensaad, Khaled Loukhaoukha, Said Sadoudi, Aissa Snani
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Abstract

The most common form of image forgery is copy-move, which arises when an image region is duplicated and pasted onto another region of the same image. An effective algorithm for copy-move forgery detection based on binarized statistical image features (BSIF) and principal component analysis (PCA) is presented. Initially, the suspicious image is converted to grayscale and is subsequently partitioned into overlapping blocks. Feature vectors are extracted from these blocks using BSIF, followed by dimensionality reduction using PCA. Next, as a precursor to the matching step, the feature vectors are sorted lexicographically. Additionally, a morphological opening operation is applied to eliminate outliers. This algorithm offers not just forgery detection but also the ability to localize and identify duplicated regions. The proposed algorithm was assessed using three datasets: CoMoFoD, GRIP, and UNIPA. The experimental results show that this algorithm is fast and has high accuracy for forgery detection and localization. Moreover, it has high robustness under various postprocessing operations, such as brightness, contrast adjustments, and blurring. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm outperforms some recent approaches in overall performance.

© 2024 SPIE and IS&T
Azzedine Bensaad, Khaled Loukhaoukha, Said Sadoudi, and Aissa Snani "Copy-move forgery detection algorithm based on binarized statistical image features and principal component analysis," Journal of Electronic Imaging 33(4), 043004 (4 July 2024). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JEI.33.4.043004
Received: 18 January 2024; Accepted: 18 June 2024; Published: 4 July 2024
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KEYWORDS
Counterfeit detection

Detection and tracking algorithms

Tunable filters

Principal component analysis

Matrices

Visualization

Digital imaging

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