Prof. Arash Kheradvar Profile

Prof. Arash Kheradvar

at Edwards Lifesciences Ctr for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology

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Proceedings Article | 15 March 2019 Paper

An MR compatible aortic arch phantom with calcific polymeric valves

Alex Henn, Sean Callahan, Michael Kendrick, Arash Kheradvar, Amir Amini

Proceedings Volume 10953, 109531L (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2511996

KEYWORDS: Magnetic resonance imaging, Polymers, Aorta, SolidWorks, Blood, Heart

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To permit optimization of 4D flow protocols in imaging of thoracic aorta, a flow phantom was designed and constructed from clear acrylic plastic. The phantom was precision machined out of clear acrylic plastic for continuous flow, ability to see unwanted air bubbles, and MR compatibility. The solid model of the phantom was designed in SolidWorks and fed to a computer numeric control (CNC) machine for precision machining. The design permits the operator to switch aortic valves constructed from a silicone mold with various degrees of calcifications (different percentage openings), modeling an aortic valve at various stages of disease. The valve opens and closes during the cardiac cycle as in the in-vivo case. The inner diameter of the tube throughout the phantom was 1”, which corresponds to human anatomical measurements in the average person. The phantom was placed in an MR compatible flow circuit, with a 60:40 distilled water/glycerol fluid mixture resulting in a viscosity of 0043 Pa*s and density of 1,060 kg/m3 similar to those of blood. The pump driving the working fluid in the phantom is programmable, capable of delivering physiologic flow rates up to peak flow of 400 ml/s The phantom was placed inside a Philips Achieva 1.5 T scanner and imaged with a 16 element XL Torso Coil. 4D flow imaging was performed at a Venc of 250 cm/s. The field of view was 120 mm x 120 mm x 150 mm, with a voxel size of 1.5 mm x 1.5 mm x 5 mm, and 14 phases. Other scan parameters were as follows: TR=11 ms, TE=4 ms and TFE factor=2.

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