At metal-oxide/protic-solvent interfaces, partially hydrated or "wet electron" states represent the lowest energy pathway
for electron transfer. Here we study the photoinduced charge transfer at the H2O/TiO2(110) interface by means of timeresolved
two-photon photoemission spectroscopy and electronic structure theory. At ~1 monolayer coverage of H2O on
partially hydroxylated TiO2 surfaces we find an unoccupied electronic state 2.4±0.1 eV above the Fermi level. Density
functional theory shows this to be a two-dimensional "wet electron" state, which is distinct from hydrated electrons
observed on water-covered metal surfaces. The decay of electrons from the wet electron state by the resonant charge
transfer to the conduction band of TiO2 occurs in ≤15 femtoseconds. Similar unoccupied electronic structure is observed
for CH3OH covered TiO2(110) surfaces; however, the electron dynamics are considerably more complex. The wet
electron state dynamics of CH3OH/TiO2 exhibit both energy and population decay. The excited state lifetime is strongly
coverage dependent increasing to >100 fs range above 1 ML CH3OH coverage. Significantly, a pronounced deuterium
isotope effect (CH3OD) indicates a strong correlation between the interfacial electron transfer and the motion of protons
in the molecular overlayer.
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