Femtosecond control of electron spin not only promises the capability of satisfying the ever-increasing demand of storage information and ultrafast manipulation of magnetization in mediums, but also delivering controllable, highlyefficient, cost-effective and compact terahertz sources. Femtosecond spin dynamics have been extensively investigated these years with the methods of ultrafast magnetic-optical Kerr effect, inverse Faraday effect, inverse spin Hall effect and so on. Recently emerged coherent terahertz emission spectroscopy can also be employed to study this ultrafast spin dynamics with its unique advantages. For example, terahertz emission spectroscopy is a coherent, time-resolved, contactless Ampere-meter, which can be used to deduce the spin-charge conversion. However, femtosecond laser interaction with magnetic mediums is a rather complex process, there are still lots of physical mechanisms waiting to be unveiled. Here, we systematically investigate the femtosecond spin dynamics in ferromagnetic materials via polarization-resolved terahertz emission spectroscopy. We obtain detectable electromagnetic field radiation with its polarization parallel to the external magnetic field direction, which was not observed in the same materials in previous work. Inverse spin-orbit torque tilting is responsible for the observed phenomenon. Based on this mechanism, the efficiency and polarization of the generated terahertz waves can be coherently controlled and manipulated not only by the external magnetic fields, but also by the sample structures and the pumping femtosecond laser pulses. Our work not only helps further deepen understanding of the physical mechanism of all-optical magnetization reversal, boosting future spin recording technology, but also offers a very promising way for developing novel and efficient terahertz functional sources and devices.
This paper deals with mathematical modeling and study of nonlinear switching in optical fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) by a transfer matrix method. Critical parameters contributing to high performance nonlinear fiber Bragg grating were studied. The transmission spectrum centered at 1550 nm was analyzed with varying number of layers and refractiveindices. The study showed that by proper modification in grating length of the FBG, we were able to optimize transmission spectrum for required application. The nonlinear behavior of FBGs can be further applied in optical switching applications (all-optical logic gates).
We report a simple method to synthesize Zinc oxide nanorods, grown without using catalysis with less complicity. This was done by hydrothermal treatment of zinc nitrate and hexamine at 90°C and various times (5- 20h) and also we find that the nanorod size and shape depends on heating rate, temperature and heating time. ZnO nanorods have been investigated for their light guiding ability and their effective index of refraction for use in near air index optical systems by developing a ridge waveguide structure. ZnO nanorod waveguides (100 μm w x 2.5 μm h x 1mm l) were grown on a seeded glass substrate template using hydrothermal process at 90°C. Modification of the substrate surface in order to obtain dense perpendicularly-oriented ordered nanorods induced selective growth. These structures were characterized by SEM, EDX, and XRD. The guiding property, i.e. locally excited photoluminescence propagation along the length of the waveguide, was analyzed with imageprocessing program in MATLAB. Following application of a fiber optic white light source on the ZnO nanostructure, we found that light propagation occurred within the glass substrate. No such propagation occurred if light was applied on uncoated areas of the glass. Modeling of waveguide behavior to determine the number propagating modes was exercised using waveguide mode solver in COMSOL.
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