We propose and experimentally prove a demodulation method for a Raman optical time domain reflectometer (ROTDR) that can eliminate the influence of the avalanche photodiode (APD) and multistage amplifier circuit amplification coefficient. This method only requires measurement of the real-time temperature of a reference fibre and can effectively eliminate the demodulation temperature drift caused by the temperature change of the APD and multistage amplifier circuit. The experimental results show that the demodulation temperature drift is reduced from approximately 20°C to 0.2°C. In addition, a demodulation method suitable for laid optical cables is proposed. The experimental results show that the standard deviation of the demodulation temperature at the test point of 5 km is 0.72°C. Finally, the equipment temperature in a communication room is stably monitored for 6 months by using the measuring point calibration method.
Four kinds of passive phase demodulation algorithms based on 3×3 couplers are introduced and analyzed in this paper. The performance of these algorithms in noisy environment are theoretically investigated and simulation under five conditions including ideal situation, amplitude noise, phase noise, coupler asymmetry, and weak signal is employed. The proposed arctangent scheme utilizing three outputs is designed and implemented in hardware system based on programmable logic devices and high speed digital-to-analog converters. The performance of the proposed hardware scheme is verified experimentally by applying into the optical fiber interference system.
An erbium-doped fiber ring laser operating at the C-band is experimentally demonstrated. A maximum output laser power of 0.13 dBm with a step-like spectrum and 3-dB bandwidth of more than 0.4 nm is obtained. Output power is theoretically simulated and fits well with experiment data. A slight improvement in signal-to-noise ratio is observed when the ring laser is applied in an optical fiber sensing system compared to a conventional superluminescent laser, and its compatibility with dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) is verified. We believe the ring laser in this article has potential in the future use of a DWDM optical fiber sensing system.
The 3×3 coupler is used to close the Sagnac loop to provide passive biasing of the interferometer, which allows a balanced-detection configuration in interferometric fiber-optic sensing. Yet, the system asynchrony caused by photodetectors and converters leads to the deviation of eventual retrieval result, which may affect the judgment of disturbance prediction. To improve the performance of fiber interferometers, a compensation demodulation method is proposed. Compared with previous compensation methods, which focus on a signal processing process, this work offers a solution through an approach in the signal source acquiring process, the origin of the problem. By inserting a controllable optic delay device, a modified interferometric fiber-optic structure is presented. Operation of the compensation demodulation method is verified in an experiment along a 30-km-long sensing fiber. The performance of the structure is also compared with the conventional one. Experimental results show that the improved structure is advantageous for considerate compensation effect, accurate calibration, and low location error for the application of disturbance localization.
Distributed Fiber Optic Sensor for Position Determination is a novel position sensor and can be used as a monitoring
system in communication main of long distances. Single fiber is employed as the sensor in the system to pick up the
disturbances in the environment. The principle of the system is that for a disturbance signal applied at a particular
position along the fiber, the response, in the frequency domain, presents a series of periodic maxima and minima (or
nulls). These minima depend on the position of the disturbance along a fiber. An intelligent, reliable and real-time signal
processing method is needed in such a system to determine the position of disturbance. It is not enough to process the
signal of the system just using FFT (fast Fourier transform) algorithm. By using power spectral estimation and wavelet
transforming as the method of signal processing, the position of a random disturbance is successfully determined.
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