KEYWORDS: Video, Video compression, Quantization, Computer programming, Video coding, Video processing, Digital watermarking, Statistical analysis, Standards development, Lithium
Developments of video processing technology make it much easier to tamper with video. In some situation, such as in a
lawsuit, it is necessary to prove videos are not tampered. This contradiction poses challenges to ascertain integrity of
digital videos. Most of tamperings occur in pixel domain. However, nowadays videos are usually stored in compressed
format, such as H.264/AVC. For attackers it is necessary to decompress original video bitstreams and recompress it into
compressed domain. As a result, by detecting double compression, we can authenticate integrity of digital video. In this
paper, we propose an efficient method to detect whether or not a digital video has been double compressed. Specifically,
we use probability distribution of quantized nonzero AC coefficients as features to distinguish double compressed video
from those original one compressed video. If a smaller QP is used in the second compression, the original distribution
law will be violated, which can be used as the evidence of tampering.
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