Bound states in the continuum (BICs) can be observed in photonic crystal slabs embedded in low refractive index surroundings that makes challenging their realization. Here we propose a configuration implemented on a high refractive index bulk substrate with a one-dimensional grating positioned on a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR). Judiciously designed DBR reflects all diffraction orders induced by the grating entirely eliminating radiative losses. The configuration enables a high degree of design freedom facilitating the realization of very high quality factor cavities in conventional all-semiconductor technology.
We experimentally demonstrate and elucidate by numerical simulations that breaking circular symmetry of large apertures of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) significantly enhances their emission properties by increasing the optical density of states. Specifically, deformed shapes of circular oxide apertures of VCSELs enhance stimulated emission and suppress undesired non-radiative recombination contributing to an increase in output optical output power of more than 60% and in quantum efficiency of more than 10%. Our example deformed VCSEL structures demonstrate that the optical density of states appears to be of high importance for conventional optoelectronic devices in accordance to the predictions of quantum electrodynamics theory.
We propose a grating that design is inverted with respect to a design of conventional high-contrast grating (HCG) in which low refractive index grating is implemented on high refractive index cladding. We show that inverted HCG can achieve power reflectance of nearly 100% even if the refractive index of the grating is as low as 1.8. Inverted HCG facilitates implementation of highly reflecting mirrors composed of etched SiN, HfO or 3D micro-printed IP-Dip on semiconductors such as GaAs that processing is less technologically demanding with respect to processing of HCGs or monolithic HCGs.
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