Situ Ciseupan is a natural pond which the areas surrounding it are bordering with conservation area (Mount Papandayan Nature Park). The area is expected to function as buffer zone, yet local communities utilize this area for agricultural activities, which plays important role in their economics. Such condition creates high risk of erosion that could lead to decline in soil fertility as well as water quality of the pond and nearby streams. This study aimed to estimate the rate of soil loss in Situ Ciseupan area under the current land-use/cover (LU/LC) patterns and hypothetical LU/LC patterns for exploring the impact of land-use/cover conversion on soil loss. Soil loss rate is estimated using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model. The study shows that average soil loss rate under the current LU/LC is 35.3 tons/ha/year. Areas classified as very high and severe erosion contributes 64.71% of the total soil loss. For simulating the impact of LU/LC conversion, we developed five scenarios in which the current LU/LC is converted into five hypothetical LU/LC types, each consists of a single type of LU/LC, i.e. bare soil, settlements, grassland, agriculture land, and forest. The simulation results show that if the current LU/LC is converted into 100 % of bare soil, settlement area, grassland, and agricultural field, the soil loss rate will increase by 1163%, 873%, 520%, and 317%, respectively. In contrast, the soil loss rate will decrease by 93%, if the current LU/LC is converted to 100% forest.
The decrease of land surface temperature (LST) in reclaimed mining site can be taken as indication of environmental quality improvement. Remote sensing technology is able to provide information on LST over a large area so that it can be used to assess the effect of land-cover characteristic of mining-affected landscape on LST. This research used Landsat 8 images to study the relationships between land-use and LST in a coal-mined landscape of a mining company in South Kalimantan. Specifically, this study aimed to examine the effect of different planting years of reclaimed forest on LST and to examine the effect of different dominant tree species of reclaimed forest on LST. Data source for LST calculation was band 10 of Landsat 8 thermal infrared sensor (TIRS) from recording years of 2014 and 2018. The images analysis consisted of the following steps: LST data extraction using Avdan and Jovanovska (2016) algorithm, land surface emissivity calculation following Valor and Caselles (1996), and overlay of LST maps with land-cover maps. A field work to measure stand characteristics of reclaimed forests was also conducted. The result shows that reclaimed forests with different planting years tends to have similar temperature-decreasing ability. This is shown by similar average LST values of reclaimed forest stands planted at year 1997, 2014, 2015, and 2016, which were around 27°C at year 2018. Meanwhile, reclaimed forest stands with different dominant trees species and total basal area also tend to similar temperature decreasing ability, being around 4.7-5.7°C after 3-4 years of planting. The results indicates that the tree species currently used by PT Adaro Indonesia for post-mining forest reclamation have similar ability in decreasing LST and the LST decrease could occur in a relatively short time.
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