A simple and fast method is proposed for designing and optimizing broadband and narrowband terahertz (THz) graphene absorbers in the desired frequency bands or any number of desired frequencies. Also, the maximum bandwidth for multilayered structures is proposed by this method. This method uses a genetic algorithm, transmission line theory, and impedance matching technique. The proposed THz absorbers are perfect frequency-tunable structures with absorption values more than 90%, which consist of multilayered graphene separated by a dielectric material. Continuous graphene is utilized in the structure of these absorbers but metamaterial graphene can also be used. The optimization parameters are the thickness of dielectrics, refractive indices of dielectrics and the chemical potential of the graphene layers. These graphene-based absorbers have high potential for different THz applications such as filters, detectors, switches, modulators, etc.
Three different designs of plasmonic photonic crystal filters (two-channel, three-channel, and four-channel) are proposed and considered. The photonic crystal structures consist of standing rods made of Ag and GaAs, whereby introducing different simple or ring-shaped defects, two-, three-, or four-port filters are realized. Optical fluid is used instead of air as the background material, owing to its versatile benefits. By utilizing different combinations of optical fluids and plasmonic materials, multichannel filters are obtained which can function better by improving the structural parameters such as the rod’s radius. Considering the four-port filter, its applications as the power splitter are also investigated. For tuning the filter properties such as the resonance peak’s value and wavelength, impacts of Ag and GaAs rod radius on the transmission spectrum are examined. The following resonance peak’s value and FWHM are obtained for the proposed structures: two-channel filter (0.9, 4 nm), three-channel filter (0.8, 2 nm), four-channel filter (0.5, 10 nm). The proposed designed filters can be utilized in the photonic integrated circuits as well as the nanophotonics devices for medical and industrial applications.
Considering the effects of linear polarization, modulation instability (MI) in silicon on insulator (SOI) waveguides is studied. Impacts of differential group delay, group velocity dispersion, third-order dispersion, and linear loss on gain and frequency of MI, in linearly polarized radiations, are presented theoretically. Fully numerical simulations are performed to verify calculations as well. The results demonstrate strong MI in the normal dispersion regime of SOI waveguides compared to silica fibers with much higher frequencies.
The photorefractive effect in metal-insulator-metal (MIM) plasmonic waveguides is modeled and investigated for both symmetric and asymmetric structures. A metal-LiNbO3-metal nanostructure with different top and bottom metals is proposed as a plasmonic waveguide. Three different metals, aluminum, gold, and silver, are used as the metals of the plasmonic waveguide and the photorefractive effect is investigated in different structures. The interaction between interfering surface plasmonic polariton modes is studied. It is shown that a strong mode can be coupled to a weak mode by means of the photorefractive effect. It is found that compared with conventional symmetric MIM plasmonic waveguides, an asymmetric structure with different metals, silver-LiNbO3-gold for example, has a higher photorefractive gain and longer propagation distance, and there is a net photorefractive gain. The effect of the crystal thickness and amplitude inputs is also analyzed. It is found that there is an optimum crystal thickness that yields the maximum photorefractive gain.
Effects of different structural parameters on the optical characteristics of multistage microring resonators (MRRs) have been investigated while a soliton pulse is propagated. Effects of MRR radius, width, and gap between the MRR and the waveguide on the free spectral range (FSR) and the coupling coefficient have been studied. It has been shown that in the structure consisting of multistage MRRs, increasing the MRR radius and width would decrease the FSR. It is also indicated that by increasing the gap the width coupling coefficient would be enhanced at first, and then it would be diminished. The goal of this research is to improve the functionality of multistage MRRs by decreasing the FSR and increasing the coupling coefficient for soliton-based communication systems.
Blue to red organic light-emitting diodes based on a series of newly synthesized distyrylbenzenes have been demonstrated. Their optical properties have been theoretically and experimentally studied in order to inquire into the substitution effects (such as electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, and steric hindrance) on the emission color. Density functional theory at B3LYP/6-311+G(d) level of calculation was employed to obtain the molecular structures and highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital surfaces. Electroluminescence emission range of compounds could be tuned by changing the strength of the acceptor component and using push–pull and nonplanarity effects from 483 (blue) to 600 (red) nm.
In this study isatin and its novel Schiff base as a new red fluorescent material for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are used for red color OLEDs. We fabricated OLEDs with the configuration of indium tin oxide/4.4′-Bis(N-carbazolyl-1,1′-biphenyl/red emitter/HGH2/Alq3/Li/Al which the electrical and optical properties of devices have been investigated. Their photoluminescence and electroluminescence properties for isatin and its Schiff base were examined and compared. The electroluminescent spectra of these materials ranges from 593 to 645 nm and their bandgaps are between 2.1 and 1.92 eV. The Commission International De L'Eclairage (1931) coordinates of these two compounds were measured and found to be (0.4325, 0.4329) and (0.4077, 0.4128) for two employed chromophores.
In this paper, we investigated the coherent noise in communication systems and use a method for reducing the noise mixed with the signal. We use a general model of N-signal and N-noise frequency mixing. The numerical results are shown in this paper. A proper choice of the parameters can reduce the noise at the output of the data recovery system.
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