Mr. Gene L. Atlas Profile

Gene L. Atlas

CEO at ImagerLabs Inc

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Publications (4)

Proceedings Article | 10 July 2018 Presentation + Paper

A CMOS visible image sensor with non-destructive readout capability

Gary Sims, Gene Atlas, Eric Christensen, Roger Cover, Stephen Larson, Hans Meyer, William Schempp

Proceedings Volume 10709, 107090V (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2314144

KEYWORDS: Sensors, CCD image sensors, CMOS sensors, Image processing, Cameras, Astronomy, Charge-coupled devices, Image sensors, Quantum efficiency, Imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 12 January 2004 Paper

Subelectron readout noise focal plane arrays for space imaging

Gene Atlas, Mark Wadsworth

Proceedings Volume 5167, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.511907

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, Sensors, Quantum efficiency, Amplifiers, Staring arrays, CCD image sensors, Image intensifiers, Interference (communication), CMOS sensors, Imaging arrays

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Proceedings Article | 12 January 2004 Paper

Hybrid imaging: a quantum leap in scientific imaging

Gene Atlas, Mark Wadsworth

Proceedings Volume 5167, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.511903

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, CCD image sensors, Sensors, CMOS sensors, Amplifiers, Imaging systems, Image processing, CMOS technology, Imaging technologies, CCD cameras

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 1998 Paper

Integrated CMOS-selenium x-ray detector for digital mammography

Michael Andre, Brett Spivey, Peter Martin, Arthur Morsell, Eugene Atlas, Tony Pellegrino

Proceedings Volume 3336, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.317019

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Selenium, X-rays, Mammography, Image sensors, Breast, X-ray detectors, Digital mammography, CMOS sensors, Transistors

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This paper describes a novel area detector for direct conversion and readout of the x-ray energy that eliminates multiple conversions and coupling stages which degrade performance. The pixel array and readout electronics are fabricated on the same piece of silicon. The detector consists of a uniform layer (approximately 300 micrometers) of amorphous selenium alloy vapor-deposited on an electronic readout array fabricated using conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS). The CMOS array features 66 micrometer pixels in a 1024 X 832 array providing a 5.5 X 6.75 cm image area. Each pixel has active circuitry including signal amplification, pixel selection and reset, while peripheral circuitry on one end of the array provides shift registers, sample and hold and multiplexing. The CMOS readout array was fabricated at a standard facility on a 10-cm diameter silicon wafer using 2 micrometer CMOS process. Fifteen separate image sensors were assembled for evaluation in a 3 X 5 format to provide a 20 X 27 cm composite field of view. Missing data between sensors is recovered by acquiring three sub-exposures, between which the array is translated diagonally approximately 2 mm. Total exposure time for an average breast is less than one second. Conversion efficiency was found to be approximately 120 electrons per absorbed x-ray (19 keV average). Electronic readout noise was measured to be 2.4 ADU corresponding to approximately 500 electrons. Detective quantum efficiency was found to be 0.65 at low spatial frequency (0.25 lp/mm) and at 0.2 at high spatial frequency (8 lp/mm) for x-ray fluence ranging from 5 - 35 mR. Images of an ACR phantom show visualization of all of the fibers, specks and masses when displayed with a linear lookup table on a high-resolution monitor. These studies demonstrated that there is a slight but measurable image retention evident as 'ghost' images. The two most effective means to reduce this effect are flushing the sensors with infrared light or x-rays between exposures and reversing the applied voltage on the selenium layer. A number of improvements designed to increase sensitivity and reduce noise also have been identified and are being implemented. Sample images were acquired from four volunteer human subjects at exposure factors identical to their film-screen mammograms. The results suggest that the detector performance is suitable for further clinical investigation.

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