Based on phase manipulation of optical frequency combs and square-law detection of the waveforms, low phase-noise
frequency with its tunable repetition frequency ranging from 10GHz to 120GHz is generated using a dispersive medium
fed by coherent optical frequency combs with frequency interval controlled by pulse pattern generator. Both temporal
waveforms and phase noise are evaluated. The phase noise of generated 40GHz tone is -96.9dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset.
KEYWORDS: Modulation, Modulators, Signal generators, Signal processing, Phase shift keying, Digital signal processing, Eye, Transparency, Distortion, Telecommunications
We propose a general method to monitor the impairments in high speed multilevel signal modulation format generation
induced by improper setting and time-drifting of modulator bias offset based on signal constellation diagram. Using
asynchronous linear optical sampling technique, we can obtain both the amplitude and phase information of the signal
under test with a high time resolution and data speed transparency. We successfully recovered the constellation diagrams
of 10Gbaud quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) after a series proposed signal processing algorithms. Several common
types of constellation distortion were observed with the manual tuning of the modulator bias. It proved the effectiveness
of the proposed method.
KEYWORDS: Demodulation, Phase modulation, Modulation, Analog electronics, Signal detection, Eye, Digital photography, Interference (communication), Phase shift keying, Signal processing
A novel 2-bit PDAC based on quadrature phase modulation and differential demodulation together with balanced
detection is proposed and experimentally demonstrated at sampling rates of 2.5GS/s and 10GS/s. The simulation results
of expanded 4-bit PDAC from the 2-bit PDAC unit by using two channels of incoherent light with different wavelength
are presented. This PDAC scheme is simple, compact and effective with high expansibility. Compared with other
approaches, this method's output signal has a greater dynamic range and a higher noise margin.
The proposed receiver, which is based on joint-decision MLSE (JD-MLSE), employs direct detection with conventional
balanced differential detection to compensate chromatic dispersion (CD) impairment on phase shift keying (PSK). The
receiver can reach a lower BER and has a higher CD tolerance than balanced differential detection with MLSE,
demonstrated by simulation and experiment. Applied to a 10-Gb/s DPSK experimental system, this receiver can equalize
3800-ps/nm dispersion.
We propose and experimentally demonstrate a simple method to generate ultra-wideband (UWB) pulses with different
pulse shape, based on incoherent optical arbitrary waveform generation. Pulses with opposite polarity are obtained using
the phase-modulator-based dual-input intensity modulator. Monocycle, doublet and high-order UWB pulses meeting the
FCC regulation are generated. Both temporal waveform and power spectral of the signal generated are evaluated.
The proposed maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) receiver to mitigate polarization mode dispersion
(PMD) impairment on phase-shift keying incorporates polarization diversity receiving and joint symbol processing by
employing another delay interferometer (DI) using cross polarization interference together with a traditional DI. Applied
to an 80-Gbit/s DQPSK demonstration system, the joint-symbol MLSE receiver shows better performance.
The proposed clock recovery scheme introduces electrooptical modulation to down convert the clock frequency
facilitating succeeding narrow band filtering by a phase locked loop (PLL) with ordinary radio frequency (RF) devices,
further, employs a quadrature phase detector in the PLL to provide an indication signal for monitoring residual
dispersion. It was demonstrated in a polarization multiplexed 160-Gbit/s optical non-return to zero quadrature phase
shift keying (NRZ-QPSK) transmission system.
Optical arbitrary waveform generation (OAWG) is considered as a promising technology in microwave photonics. Line-by-
line control technique for OAWG according to Fourier transform theory has been widely adopted and then Optical
frequency comb (OFC) is one key point of OAWG based on this method. In the experiment, based on cascading intensity
modulation, an OFC signal of nine spectral lines is generated with its excursion smaller than 2dB. And then by selecting
spectral lines of interest from OFC via optical filters, 10GHz, 20GHz sinusoidal signals with low phase noise and several
desirable waveforms are generated easily.
We present a novel method to generate ultra-wideband (UWB) monocycle pulses using polarization state rotation filtering of optical negative pulses. Monocycle-like optical pulses with reversed polarities can be generated with appropriate polarization adjustment.
We propose a method to generate high-speed frequency-shifted keying (FSK) signal by demodulating two phase-shifted
keying (PSK) signals with proper wavelength detuning. The generated FSK is easy for detection and has a small crosstalk
to optical label signal. In an 85km SMF transmission demonstration, we achieve 1.5dB power penalty in 10Gbit/s
FSK payload and 1dB power penalty in 155Mbit/s amplitude-shifted keying (ASK) label. Compared with the phase
continuous FSK, this kind of FSK occupies wider bandwidth due to its phase discontinuity but is simpler in its
generation.
Coherent detection is a new attractive detection method in optical transmission, especially in high capacity long-haul
fiber communication systems. Most coherent detection systems use a local laser as the local oscillator rather than using
an optical phase-locked loop (OPLL). In this case, the signal and local laser's wavelength must be as close as possible,
and both should be stable. Wavelength stability of DFB laser is a critical factor for optical coherent detection and other
applications. We use fiber couplers and a fiber phase shifter to buildup an optical 90o optical hybrid, by which the
wavelength fluctuation is monitored with a very high sensitivity.
A method called coherent hybrid is proposed to monitor the deficiency of differential phase shifted keying (DPSK) either
generated by the bias offset drift of Mach-Zehnder modulator or an unmatched drive voltage applied to a phase
modulator (PM) is proposed and demonstrated. The hybrid power ratio of the maximum to the minimum after mixing the
unmodulated local oscillation lightwave with the modulated signal from the same light source is employed to measure
the degree of deficiency, simultaneously eliminate the dependence on light source power. Our experimental results
reveal that a±5% bias offset of MZI can produce 0.3dB power variation, larger than that of 0.02dB in the traditional
method by measuring the signal average power, and a drive voltage with a more than 10 percent deviation from the halfwave
voltage can be detected when it is applied to a PM. A feedback and control circuit based on this scheme is
developed and applied in our system. The impairments given by the unparallel orientation between the polarizations of
signal and local oscillation lightwave and the transient time of modulation signal pulse is discussed. By properly setting
the control parameters in the feedback control process, the impairments can be minimized.
Simultaneous noninverted and inverted dual-wavelength conversion is proposed and demonstrated by using a cross-polarization modulation effect in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). Experiments show that noninverted and inverted conversions lead to power penalties of 1.3 dB and 0.8 dB, respectively, at a bit rate of 10 Gb/s. Based on this scheme, we have demonstrated, for the first time to our knowledge, an all-optical modulation format conversion from amplitude-shift keying (ASK) to frequency-shift keying (FSK). A frequency-shift keying signal with flexible tone spacing and high bit rate can be successfully generated by using this method.
All-optical NOR and OR gates using the same setup, based on cross-polarization modulation in a single semiconductor optical amplifier, have been demonstrated experimentally at 10 Gbit/s with two and three input signals. The results show good dynamic extinction ratios of 13.2 and 11.0 dB for NOR and OR outputs, respectively. The logic output performance of this logic configuration versus input signal and probe power have been investigated experimentally.
We propose an all-optical wavelength conversion method that can preserve the polarization information of an original signal based on four-wave mixing in a semiconductor optical amplifier. Using this method, we experimentally demonstrate wavelength conversion for a 10-Gb/s polarization shift keying signal with 1.6-dB power penalty at a 10−9 bit error rate. To our knowledge, it is the first experiment reported on all-optical wavelength conversion for a polarization shift keying format. The converted polarization shift keying signal is successfully transmitted over a 75-km standard single mode fiber with 1.8-dB transmission penalty.
Linear regression method for flat-gain Fiber Raman amplifier (FRA) pump power automatic configuration is proposed. It can give the optimal pump power configuration automatically according to the signal output variation with pump power changes, without any prior knowledge of fiber parameters, like attenuation, effective area, Raman gain factor, and etc. This method is based on the pump power integral model and linear regression theory and is verified by numerical simulation and experiment. The impact on pump configuration caused by power measurement uncertainty is also considered. The results show that deliberate selecting some parameters, like initial pump configuration, pump power variation amount, pump power perturbation times can reduce the impact.
A novel method for fast pump configuration of flat-gain Raman fiber amplifier is provided in this paper. With neglect the weak difference of Raman gain profile dependent on pump wavelength, the total gain of amplifier in dB unit can be viewed as output of a special linear time invariant (LTI) system. The LTI system characters its unit impulse response as the Raman gain coefficient spectrum, its input as pump configuration spectrum, and its output as the amplifier gain. Given the target amplifier gain, the continuous pump configuration spectrum can be easily derived by using fast Fourier transform (FFT). Then with clustering approximating of the continuous pump configuration spectrum, the pump configuration is obtained. The clustering approximation and its impact are also discussed. The numerical results reveal that for 13THz bandwidth Raman fiber amplifier, the maximum gain-inflatness of LTI system method is only 0.3dB worse than that of conventional Generic algorithm (GA) method, but the computation time is at least one magnitude saved.
It is important to resolve the questions of how many BIP bytes are required and which EDC should be adopted for performance monitoring in Optical Transport Networks (OTN). Based on the Poisson Error Model and Burst Error Model, we obtain the mathematical expressions for the probabilities of occurrence of a block error and of detecting a block error, as well as the detection efficiency. Analyses and simulations to determine the maximum BER that can be detected (i.e., the saturation BER) and the minimum detection efficiency are given. Conclusions are drawn as follows: one BIP byte per tandem connection monitoring field is adequate for performance monitoring; 2*BIP-4 EDC should be adopted to meet the requirement that the detection efficiency be no less than 90%; 8*BIP-1 EDC is acceptable if the real-time BER measurement estimate is not required.
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