Solid attenuators are crucial instruments used at X-ray free electron laser experimental endstations for rapidly attenuating light intensity. With high-repetition-rate free electron lasers, the absorption plates accumulate heat as the repetition frequency increases, which will limit the use of solid attenuators. We designed a solid attenuator suitable for the FEL-I experimental endstation of Shanghai high-repetition-rate X-ray free-electron laser and extreme (SHINE) light facility, including the physics design, mechanical design, and thermal analysis under the high repetition rate. Through a combination of absorption plates, the precise light intensity across the 3 to 15 keV range was attenuated by 10 grades, and the mechanical design of the solid attenuation was developed with the corresponding cooling solutions. The solid attenuator design is proven to fulfill the high repetition rate of up to 10 kHz through the numerical results at different repetition frequencies and meet the operational requirements planned for SHINE.
To advance the frontiers of ultrafast X-ray science, Shanghai soft X-ray free-electron laser (SXFEL) user facility was proposed to develop which is now under construction as planned. The SXFEL facility provides ultraintense femtosecond X-ray pulses from 0.1 keV to 1 keV in a repetition rate of 50 Hz. The first phase of the SXFEL includes two beamlines and 5 experimental end-stations. The SXFEL user facility provides some advanced X-ray measurement tools in the research fields of biomaterial, condensed matters, atomic and molecular physics, and novel functional materials by means such as coherent diffraction imaging, time-resolved resonant X-ray scattering, and single-pulse time-resolved x-ray emission spectroscopy etc. In this presentation, I will report the latest status of the beamlines at Shanghai SXFEL.
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