The hypothesis of this study was to find out whether it is possible to capture Woelfflin's basic concepts using methods within CBIR for estimating global characteristics of art works. If results from regression analysis of behavioral data can be linked to global spectral and spatial characteristics of the same art works, then this would substantiate our hypothesis. From a regression analysis assuming a linear relationship between trained observers' ratings of art works representing Woelfflin's concepts and three global image processing features commonly used in CBIR and assumed to be significantly related to the same concepts, we found results that give support to our hypothesis - it seems possible to grasp some of the art concepts by CBIR methods.
Flying an aircraft is highly visually demanding. It is very important to map pilot visual behaviour, both for the purpose of evaluating the cockpit interface and to effectively integrate it with future adaptive interfaces and decision support systems. Pilots' visual behaviour was studied in two experiments. In the first experiment commercial aviation pilots were flying a commercial aviation scenario and eye point of gaze, and eye blinks were collected. In the second experiment military pilots were flying an air-to-air combat scenario and the visual behaviour was video recorded. In both of the experiments the results show individual differences in the pilots' visual behaviour. In the second experiment two different categories of eye blinks were found that might help explain the individual differences in visual behaviour. One category can be related to the systematic eye blinks found to occur when the eye point of gaze was changed between head-up/head-down and head-down/head-up. The other category could be related to other reasons, such as mental workload or visual demands.
Three color schemes (monochrome, dichrome, and polychrome) based on basic principles for color perception and cognition were optimized and applied to an electronic map in a horizontal-situation display. Principles for color discrimination, symbol coding, and color naming were applied for the super-imposed symbols (targets, waypoints etc) and for the map symbology (land, water, roads). The color codes were tested in a visual search and detection experiment in a real-time simulation in an air-to-air mission with test pilots as subjects. The simulation task was as close as possible to a real-life situation. The pilots had to track a maneuvering target within specific limits. Reaction times for target detection were recorded. After the simulation, the test pilots gave a subjective estimation of the different color schemes. They also estimated them according to situation awareness using a rating technique on cognitive compatibility (CC-SART). All the results, both the objective and the subjective show that color schemes are advantageous in comparison to the monochrome code. The reaction times were significantly lower for the chromatic color codes. The estimated situation awareness was higher for the chromatic schemes and the subjects gave higher preferences to the chromatic codes.
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