The operation of the device is affected by the increase in temperature caused by the rough electrodes surface of the thinfilm lithium niobate modulator. We have developed simulation models to analyze the relationship between roughness and maximum surface temperature of gold electrodes and to examine the influence of snowball radius and surface area ratio on the maximum surface temperature. The results indicate that both surface area ratio and snowball radius affect maximum surface temperature change, with the influence of surface area ratio being greater than that of snowball radius within the range of 2-6nm and a surface area ratio between 1.6-2.5, respectively.
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