Low signal-to-noise ratio and complex background make the point target detection from infrared image a challenging
and difficult problem. Combining the filtering characteristic of opening operation of mathematical morphology and the
technique of background prediction, this paper presents a point target detection algorithm based on mathematical
morphology, including analytic expressions for the detection algorithm. The selection of structural element is the key of
mathematical morphology. The analyzing method of selection of structural element is presented. This paper mainly
analyzes and compares the different performances produced by four kinds of structural elements having different size
and shape, when these structural elements process the different components of complex background and point target. The
analyzing and comparing methods focus on the curves generated by plotting the samples of image in row in which the
point target exists. This analyzing method of selection of structural element is effective. The experiment results of
detection algorithm using four kinds of structural elements to respectively process the infrared point target image are also
presented and analyzed, including the probability of detection and the number of false targets.
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