LED flash module becomes popular in current mobile communication devices, such as for the smart phones and tablet.
As a lighting apparatus for image taking, photo rendering performance is crucial. We explore the LED flash lens design
with a stress of photorealistic rendering application toward a high-performance LED flash illumination.
An approach using micro lens arrays to confine the cone angle of light source in a solar simulator has been proposed to
verify the Fresnel lens in a high concentration photovoltaic (HCPV) system. Compared with other three prior arts by the
computer simulation, the proposed method had the characteristics of the better approximation to the direct normal
insolation and the low cost. Also, to ensure the erection of the evaluation system, the tolerance of lens alignment has
been analyzed. The results showed that to maintain at least the 50% of the maximum luminous flux incident on the solar
cell, the transverse and longitudinal tolerances of ±1.4 mm and ±4 mm, respectively, were required.
Unlike the conventional light-emitting diode (LED) luminaire with a planar substrate and only the forward emission, the proposed LED luminaire with a curved ceramic substrate can perform both the forward and the backward emissions and inherits the merits of good heat-dissipation and low cost from the ceramic substrate. Assembled with the proper primary optics, an illustrated LED bulb has been designed, fabricated and measured. The measured luminous intensity of the LED bulb has shown the backward emission and designed distribution with the beam-angle of 133 deg. To broaden the application areas, such a LED bulb on a curved substrate has been modularized as a streetlight. The measured results of the proposed streetlight have shown that the beam angle of the luminous intensity and the luminaire efficiency are 132 deg and 86%, respectively. Meanwhile, its luminous characteristics also fit the Chinese standard for lighting design of urban roads.
Unlike the conventional LED luminary with a planar substrate and only the forward emission, the proposed LED
luminary with a curved ceramic substrate can perform both the forward and the backward emissions. Assembled with the
proper primary optics, an illustrated LED bulb has been designed, fabricated and measured. The measured luminous
intensity of the LED bulb has shown the backward emission and designed distribution with the beam-angle of 133°. To
broaden the application areas, such a LED bulb on a curved substrate has been modularized as a streetlight. The
measured results of the proposed streetlight have shown that the beam angle of the luminous intensity and the luminaire
efficiency are 132° and 86%, respectively. Meanwhile, its luminous characteristics also fit the standard for lighting
design of urban roads.asei.c
We propose a programmable apodizer using a digital micromirror device and the total-internal-reflection prism subsystem for incoherent imaging systems. It is shown that the proposed programmable apodizer can extend the depth of focus with the specific shaped aperture generated by the digital micromirror device. With a scale ratio of K0.05, one can achieve almost the same level of imaging quality as provided by the conventional annular apodizer, where K represents the ratio between the integer multiple of the micromirror's square pixel size and the diameter of the effective aperture stop.
We propose two types of light pipes, namely wedge and circular forms, the incident direction of light propagation could
be rotated as necessary while still preserving beam polarization. We also deduce the basic conditions of these
preservations of polarization. Several typical cases of light pipes are analyzed by numerical simulation. As one of the
examples, it is verified that a collimated beam with +45 degree linearly polarization can be guided to any pre-settled
direction where the ellipse ratio variation in polarization is less than 0.1%.
Unlike the designs of common zoom lenses in literature, mobilephone applications demand an
extremely short total track length (TTL), less around 10 mm. This short TTL request makes the zoom lens design
of mobile phones unique. Also in viewing the cost advantage of CMOS sensor, we explore the mobilephone
camera zoom lens with typical CMOS sensor format by global explorer (GE) optimization as well as the
fundamental limitations. The basic lens forms for initial designs are deduced. Physically different merit
functions have been developed to investigate how the best performance could be achieved. Furthermore, we also
identify the improvements that could be achieved by GE optimization.
A global optimization process is developed for designing an objective lens for multiple-configuration applications. As a demonstration, it is shown that diffraction-limit performance can be achieved for a pickup head used for both compact disks (wavelength 780 nm) and digital versatile disks (wavelength range 635 to 650 nm) with different working distances and focal lengths, at a numerical aperture of 0.6.
A novel bending lightpipe operation scheme with an arbitrary bent angle without light leakage is illustrated in details. Possible applications to a light-splitting element that could split light flux with specified separation ratio, and a light-mixing element that could mix light fluxes from several ports of entrance without light leakage are also shown with case demonstration.
A design of aspheric lens is proposed to collimate a light source of Lambertian angular distribution and generate homogenous irradiance. Two numerical solutions were calculated. One used even orders of general aspheres to describe the aspheric surfaces and the performance was evaluated by commercial optical software package Tracepro. Both of high numerical aperture (NA) of 0.79 and good RMS uniformity within 95% of designed area in the second surface of lens could be obtained. The reverse of this lens would be used in focusing and the simulated point spread function (PSF) is almost diffraction-limited. The other fitted both of aspheric surface with radial spline surface and the performance was evaluated by commercial optical software package OSLO. With the radial spline surface representation, the aspheric lens has a higher NA of 0.9; meanwhile, the uniformity was still good enough and PSF is also near diffraction-limited.
An optimization process combining of global optimization algorithm and further optimization treatment is proposed and demonstrated with application to the objective lenses of multiple-wavelength configurations. Based on the optimal variable set of aspheric coefficients obtained by the proposed global optimization strategy, singlet objective lens for different operational configurations, i.e., for CD and DVD, and for DVD and HDDVD, can be deduced.
The Deformed-Split-Ring Resonators (DSRRs) require metal nanostructure on high transmission material substrate for optical application. In this article, a simple method of fabricating three- dimensional polymer nanostructure that use an UV-curable polymer as the resist is discussed. Because UV cure imprinting has high resolution which is about 100nm and high transparency, it is ideally suited for photonic and meta-material optical device applications. The fabrication combines several mass production technologies. The first one is photolithography, such as a stepper UV exposure system can make the nano scale pattern in photoresist, the second is to change the photoresist sample to become the nanoimprint mould by precise electroforming, the third is to use UV cure imprinting to transfer the DSRRs pattern on the UV-curable polymer. Finally, it is also the most important process is that to coat metals and metal lift-off that coating Ag to become buffer layer by sputter, then coating Au into the nanostructure and lift off Ag by HNO3. The DSRR structure is implemented in high transmission UV-curable polymer with Au.
Nulling interferometry based on a single-element (liquid-crystal-phase-retarder) phase-shifting interferometer is proposed and analyzed with optical simulation. The geometric-phase-based nulling interferometry is also reinvestigated for comparison.
It is shown that a simple achromatic polarization-preserving beam displacer can be realized in the Porro's two-prism image erector system. The theory of geometric phase and compensating phase shifting is used to illustrate the mechanism of achromatic property in the system. Tilting tolerance and the influence of material, such as CaF2 and plactic materials, are also addressed. The tilting errors of each component or totally internal reflected surface will not seriously affect the performance.
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