Sandia National Laboratories designs and builds Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) systems capable of forming high-quality exceptionally fine resolution real-time images. Resolutions as fine as 4 inches (10 cm) in both slant range and azimuth are routinely formed in real time on board Sandia’s DeHavilland DHC-6 Twin Otter aircraft using a Ku-band SAR. Resolutions as fine as 6 inches (15 cm) in both slant range and azimuth are routinely formed using an X-band SAR. Careful system design allows high image quality as measured by nearly ideal Impulse Response (IPR) shapes, with typical Multiplicative Noise Ratios (MNR) of better than 20 dB, and a noise equivalent reflectivity usually better than -30 dB. Collection geometries routinely include squint angles 45 degrees both fore and aft of broadside, on either side of the aircraft. This paper offers a collection of high quality images representative of the output of Sandia’s testbed radar. High-quality fine-resolution images of a variety of target scenes will be displayed, with annotation describing relevant image parameters. This paper is the second of a set of two portfolios.
Sandia National Laboratories designs and builds Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) systems capable of forming high-quality exceptionally fine resolution images. Resolutions as fine as 4 inches (10 cm) in both slant range and azimuth are routinely formed in real time on board Sandia’s DeHavilland DHC-6 Twin Otter aircraft using a Ku-band SAR. Resolutions as fine as 6 inches (15 cm) in both slant range and azimuth are routinely formed using an X-band SAR. Careful system design allows high image quality as measured by nearly ideal Impulse Response (IPR) shapes, with typical Multiplicative Noise Ratios (MNR) of better than 20 dB, and a noise equivalent reflectivity usually better than -30 dB. Collection geometries routinely include squint angles 45 degrees both fore and aft of broadside, on either side of the aircraft. This paper offers a collection of high quality images representative of the output of Sandia’s testbed radar. High-quality fine-resolution images of a variety of target scenes will be displayed, with annotation describing relevant image parameters.
Over the past ten years, Sandia has developed RF radar responsive tag systems and supporting technologies for various government agencies and industry partners. RF tags can function as RF transmitters or radar transponders that enable tagging, tracking, and location determination functions. Expertise in tag architecture, microwave and radar design, signal analysis and processing techniques, digital design, modeling and simulation, and testing have been directly applicable to these tag programs. In general, the radar responsive tag designs have emphasized low power, small package size, and the ability to be detected by the radar at long ranges. Recently, there has been an interest in using radar responsive tags for Blue Force tracking and Combat ID (CID). The main reason for this interest is to allow airborne surveillance radars to easily distinguish U.S. assets from those of opposing forces. A Blue Force tracking capability would add materially to situational awareness. Combat ID is also an issue, as evidenced by the fact that approximately one-quarter of all U.S. casualties in the Gulf War took the form of ground troops killed by friendly fire. Because the evolution of warfare in the intervening decade has made asymmetric warfare the norm rather than the exception, swarming engagements in which U.S. forces will be freely intermixed with opposing forces is a situation that must be anticipated. Increasing utilization of precision munitions can be expected to drive fires progressively closer to engaged allied troops at times when visual de-confliction is not an option. In view of these trends, it becomes increasingly important that U.S. ground forces have a widely proliferated all-weather radar responsive tag that communicates to all-weather surveillance. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the recent, current, and future radar responsive research and development activities at Sandia National Laboratories that support both the Blue Force Tracking and Combat ID application. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company for the United States Departments of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.
Modern high-performance Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) systems have evolved into highly versatile, robust, and reliable tactical sensors, offering images and information not available from other sensor systems. For example, real-time images are routinely formed by the Sandia-designed General Atomics (AN/APY-8) Lynx SAR yielding 4-inch resolution at 25 km range (representing better than arc-second resolutions) in clouds, smoke, and rain. Sandia's Real-Time Visualization (RTV) program operates an Interferometric SAR (IFSAR) system that forms three-dimensional (3D) topographic maps in near real-time with National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) Digital Terrain Elevation Data (DTED) level 4 performance (3 meter post spacing with 0.8-meter height accuracy) or better. When exported to 3-D rendering software, this data allows remarkable interactive fly-through experiences. Coherent Change Detection (CCD) allows detecting tire tracks on dirt roads, foot-prints, and other minor, otherwise indiscernible ground disturbances long after their originators have left the scene. Ground Moving Target Indicator (GMTI) radar modes allow detecting and tracking moving vehicles. A Sandia program known as "MiniSAR" is developing technologies that are expected to culminate in a fully functioning, high-performance, real-time SAR that weighs less than 20 lbs. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of recent technology developments, as well as current on-going research and development efforts at Sandia National Laboratories.
Conference Committee Involvement (9)
Radar Sensor Technology XVI
23 April 2012 | Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Radar Sensor Technology XV
25 April 2011 | Orlando, Florida, United States
Radar Sensor Technology XIV
5 April 2010 | Orlando, Florida, United States
Radar Sensor Technology XIII
13 April 2009 | Orlando, Florida, United States
Radar Sensor Technology XII
18 March 2008 | Orlando, Florida, United States
Radar Sensor Technology XI
12 April 2007 | Orlando, Florida, United States
Radar Sensor Technology X
20 April 2006 | Orlando (Kissimmee), Florida, United States
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