Accurate and automated retinal vessel segmentation is crucial for the diagnosis and prevention of many diseases. However, current methods still fall short in processing vessels of different scales, especially in the case of fine vessels. To solve the above issues, this paper proposes a multiscale deep fusion network for retinal vessel segmentation. Specifically, this paper first designs a Frangi enhancement module. The FE module leverages the output response from the Frangi filter in combination with the feature map of the neural network, which assists the network in segmenting more fine blood vessels. Secondly, this paper proposes a multiscale bidirectional fusion (MBF) module. The MBF module comprises dilated convolutions with different dilation rates and bidirectional attention mechanisms, designed to extract vascular features at various scales and establish connections between distant pixels. Finally, this paper investigates a dual-threshold decision (DTD) algorithm, which is used to solve the problem of ambiguous pixel determination near the single threshold. The proposed MDF-Net is evaluated on three typical fundus image datasets (DRIVE, STARE, CHASE-DB1), and the experimental results indicate that MDF-Net exhibits superior performance compared to other state-of-the-art methods. Additionally, the application of the DTD algorithm significantly improves the SE (0.8615, 0.8804, 0.8792) metric, effectively enhancing the connectivity of the vessels.
In the previous study, we have obtained the spontaneous emission spectra for a quantum well embedded in planar
microcavity laser by the numerical integration. Although the numerical integration in the spherical coordinate can given
the spontaneous emission for the QW in any microcavity lasers, one would be like to obtain the analytic expression. A
new analytic expression for the TM mode spontaneous emission spectra in the planar microcavity laser typically
consisting of half a wavelength λο is given in this paper. The results show that TM mode spontaneous emission spectrum
by the new analytic expression agrees well with that in the numerical integral in planar semiconductor microcavity laser.
The main part to control the TM mode spontaneous emission spectrum is found in the analytic expression. The new
analytic expression can be used to study the TM mode spontaneous emission spectra with a quantum well in the
microcavity laser.
KEYWORDS: Thin film solar cells, Resistance, Amorphous silicon, Solar cells, Interfaces, Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, Glasses, Aluminum, Chemical species, Time metrology
Hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin film solar cells are prepared using radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical
vapor deposition on polyimide substrates. The structure of the cell is polyimide /Al/n-μc-Si:H/i-a-Si:H/p-a-SiC:H/TCO.
Due to amorphous silicon cells have Staebler-Wronski effect and their efficiencies do not stabilize at prepared, so these
cells were placed more than fifteen months and I-V characteristics of these cells were measured in four times. They
include (i)in the initial, (ii) placed in desiccator over fifteen months, (iii) light-soaked for five hours under AM 1.5
(100mW/cm2) and (iv) annealed for two hours in natural conditions. The measurement results such as open-circuit
voltage, short-circuit current, resistance in series, parallel resistance, conversion efficiency and fill factor are given and
studied. Staebler-Wronski Effect are found and explained with these parameters. Generally, after light-soaking, the
short-circuit currents of cells increase, the fill factors and open-circuit voltage decrease and the reduction of the
efficiency is proportional to the fill factor. Abnormal Staebler-Wronski Effect appears in a cell. The cause of these
phenomena is analyzed. The consequence that the efficiency varieties with the fill factor is derived r. A graded gap in P-I
interface can be improved the cell efficiently. Ultimately, the stability of a-SiH thin film solar cells on polyimide
substrate is discussed.
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