Objective: to identify the best low intensity laser photobiomodulation application site to increase the viability of the cutaneous flap in rats. Methods: 18 male rats (Rattus norvegicus: var. Albinus, Rodentia Mammalia) were randomly distributed into 3 groups (n = 6). Group I (GI) was submitted to simulated laser photobiomodulation, group II (GII) was submitted to the laser photobiomodulation at three points in the flap cranial base, and group III (GIII) was submitted to laser photobiomodulation at twelve points distributed along the flap. All groups were irradiated with an Indium, Galium, Aluminum and Phosphorus diode laser (InGaAlP), 660 nm, with power of 50 mW, total energy of 12 J in continuous emission mode. The treatment started immediately after performing the cranial base random skin flap (dimension of 10X4 cm2 ) and reapplied every 24 hours, with a total of 5 applications. The animals were euthanized after the evaluation of the percentage of necrosis area and the material was collected for histological analysis on the 7th postoperative day. Results: GII animals presented a statistically significant decrease for the necrosis area when compared to the other groups, and a statistically significant increase in the quantification of collagen when compared to the control. We did not observe a statistical difference between the TGFβ and FGF expression in the different groups evaluated. Conclusion: the application of laser photobiomodulation at three points of the flap cranial base was more effective than at twelve points regarding the reduction of necrosis area.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common disease of the knee joints in adults throughout the world. Photobiomodulation (PBM) and physical exercise have been studied for clinical treatment of OA, even though the effects and action mechanisms have not yet been clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of PBM and aerobic exercise (associated or not) on degenerative modifications and inflammatory mediators in articular cartilage using an experimental model of knee OA. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: OA animals without treatment (OAC); OA plus aerobic exercise training (OAT); OA animals plus PBM treatment (OAP); OA plus aerobic exercise training and PBM treatment (OATP). The exercise training (treadmill; 16m/min; 50 min/day) and the PBM treatment started 4 weeks after the surgery, 3 days/week for 8 weeks. The results showed that all treated groups showed a lower degenerative process measured by OARSI system and higher thickness values. Moreover, aerobic exercise and PBM (associated or not) decreased iNOS expression and increased IL-10 expression in OAT and OATL compared to OAC. Furthermore, a lower TGF-β expression was observed in associated therapies. These results suggest that PBM and aerobic exercise training were effective in modulating inflammatory process and preventing cartilage degeneration in knees in OA rats.
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