Mr. Matthew D. Cooper Profile

Matthew D. Cooper

at QinetiQ Ltd

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Proceedings Article | 2 May 2007 Paper

Simulating and testing autonomous behaviour in multiple airborne sensor systems

Moira Smith, Marcel Hernandez, Matthew Cooper

Proceedings Volume 6561, 65610O (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.719482

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Unmanned aerial vehicles, Motion models, Algorithm development, Detection and tracking algorithms, Computer simulations, Monte Carlo methods, Performance modeling, Electromagnetic simulation, Environmental sensing

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The Multiple Airborne Sensor Targeting and Evaluation Rig (MASTER) is a high fidelity simulation environment in which data fusion, tracking and sensor management algorithms developed within QinetiQ Ltd. can be demonstrated and evaluated. In this paper we report an observer trajectory planning tool that adds considerable functionality to MASTER. This planning tool can coordinate multiple sensor platforms in tracking highly manoeuvring targets. It does this by applying instantaneous thrusts to each platform, the magnitude of which is chosen to gain maximum observability of the target. We use an efficient search technique to determine the thrust that should be applied to each platform at each time step, and the planning horizon can either be one-step (greedy) or two-step. The measure of performance used in evaluating each potential sensor manoeuvre (thrust) is the posterior Cramer-Rao lower bound (PCRLB), which gives the best possible (lowest mean square error) tracking performance. We exploit a recent novel approach to approximating the PCRLB for manoeuvring target tracking (the "best-fitting Gaussian" (BFG) approach: Hernandez et al., 2005). A closed-form expression gives the BFG approximation at each sampling time. Hence, the PCRLB can be approximated with a very low computational overhead. As a result, the planning tool can be implemented as an aid to decision-making in real-time, even in this time-critical airborne domain. The functionality of MASTER enables one to access the performance of the planning tool in a range of sensor-target scenarios, enabling one to determine the minimal sensor requirement in order to satisfy mission requirements.

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