The biosensing method is a quantitative analysis by comparing color changes, which can be observed by the naked eyes. Therefore, it is widely used in the detection of a variety of targets due to its advantages of simple, low cost, fast, no equipment, and other characteristics. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are typical functionalized nanomaterials and are widely used in developing visual biosensors because of their special optical properties. This paper introduces and reviews the applications of visual biosensors based on AuNPs in the detection of DNA, protein, and heavy metal ions. The advantages compared with traditional detection methods such as fluorescence sensing platforms are pointed out, and the future development of AuNPs-based visual biosensors is prospected.
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