Polarization systems allow creating a variety of devices with required polarization characteristics. Ordinarily, polarization systems are used to control polarization for only one wavelength. With such a system, to modify polarizations of two beams with different wavelengths requires the whole system rebuilding or reconstruction. However, in experimental optics, there is a need for devices for continuous, simultaneous and independent transformations of polarization for multiple wavelengths. We propose a new method for independent polarization control of two light beams with different wavelengths. We show here that such polarization systems should consist of not less than four phase elements, including birefringent plates with controlled axis orientation relative to each other and/or liquid crystal cells with the fixed axis orientation but controlled phase retardations. To demonstrate our approach, we have designed such a four-component system that functions as a half-wave plate for the first wavelength and a retardation plate with an arbitrary phase retardation for the second wavelength. The theoretical analysis presented here supports our approach and shows it’s validity for any two different wavelengths.
The investigation of the first order Bessel beam diffraction on a binary amplitude diffraction mask with two open zones
has been performed. It has been shown by computer modeling and experimentally that the structure of the beam intensity
distribution along the propagation axis resembles a chain-like beams structure, but a dark hole can be observed along the
propagation axis in the center of the beam. The interference pattern of the beam under investigation and Gauss beam has
demonstrated the phase singularity presence. The transverse intensity distribution of the beam has shown ring structure
with periodically changing intensity.
The results of experimental observation of a speckle pattern of light propagating through multimode optical fibers coiled
into spiral are presented. The rotation of the speckle pattern has been observed. It has been shown that the angle of the
speckle pattern rotation (in radians) is numerically equal to the solid angle (in steradians) subtended by the trajectory
tangential vector at the unit sphere.
Here we present the results of theoretical and experimental determination of effective circular phase anisotropy, effective
linear phase anisotropy, effective linear amplitude anisotropy and effective circular amplitude anisotropy of a composed
polarization system with the properties of a quarter wave plate. It has been shown that the effective linear phase shift of
such polarization system is not equal to the quarter wave plate phase shift and depends on the single wave plate
parameters.
An experimental set up for demonstration and investigation of the spin-orbit interaction of a photon under polarized light propagation through a multimode rectilinear optical fiber is proposed. The influence of the trajectory on the light polarization can be observed under linear polarized skew ray’s propagation. The angle of plane polarization rotation depends on the angle of incidence. The influence of the light polarization on the trajectory can be observed under circular polarized skew ray’s propagation. The angle of the speckle pattern rotation under circular polarization sign change depends on the angle of incidence too.
The experimental and theoretical results, used for an adjustable quarter wave plate development, are proposed for the light wavelength measurement. To prove that idea propagation of coherent and incoherent light through an adjustable quarter wave plate with different properties was considered. The dependence of the adjustment angle on the light wavelength was obtained for different parameters of single retarder. All calculations were performed for mica retarders. It was shown principal possibility of light wavelength shift detection with accuracy 0.1 nm within wavelength range 3
nm for coherent light. Experimental investigation was performed for an adjustable quarter wave plate made of two mica plates of the same retardation. The qualitative coincidence between experimental and theoretical results has demonstrated.
A new method of determination of only an ellipticity of a state of polarization of a coherent radiation is proposed. The method is based on a spatial separation of a wave with the arbitrary ellipticity of a state of polarization into two waves with mutually orthogonal circular states of polarization. To part elliptically polarized light into two waves with orthogonal circular polarizations, the optical Magnus effect in a multimode optic fiber and a phase conjugator were used. The main advantage of a method is dealing with light intensities of almost the same values in the case of weekly
elliptically polarized light. It was shown experimentally that precision of measuring increases noticeably for weakly elliptically polarized light. The simple device for the determination of the polarized light ellipticity is proposed.
It was demonstrated theoretically and experimentally, that a complex retardation system of several birefringent plates can be used as quarter wave plate and for simultaneous required transformation of polarization state of two laser beams. (Abstract only available)
The light polarization and its process of propagation are mutually independent under a narrow light beam propagation through a homogeneous medium. But it is not correct for the case of inhomogeneous medium. The influence of the trajectory on the light polarization consists in the rotation of the polarization plane under light propagation along the nonpianar trajectory [1, 2]. The influence of the polarization on the light trajectory manifests itself under the total internal reflection. A linearly polarized reflected ray suffers a longitudinal shift [3, 4], and a circular polarized ray suffers transverse shift [5, 6]. It should be stressed that those investigations were independent and the effects were not considered as a result of manifestation of mutual influence of the polarization of the light and its propagation. For the first time professor B.Ya.Zel'dovich, dealing with the light propagation through a multimode optical fiber, has pointed out that the influence of the trajectory on light polarization and the influence of polarization on the light trajectory are mutually inverse effects [7]. On that base optical Magnus effect was predicted [711 and experimentally observed [8]. Optical Magnus effect manifests itself as a rotation of the speckle pattern of the circular polarized light transmitted through a multimode optical fiber under circular polarization sign change. In terms of quantum mechanics that effect was regarded as an interaction between orbital momentum of photon and its spin (polarization) [7]. All mentioned above effects exist in optically inhomogeneous medium. We can supposed that spin-orbit interaction of a photon manifests itself due to break down of the symmetry of a space, namely, the translation symmetry. Nevertheless, it was shown and experimentally observed that there exist influence of the polarization on the light trajectory under the light propagation through an optically homogeneous medium [9, 10]. That effect manifests itself under circular polarized light propagation through a half of lens: the focal spot of a beam suffers a transverse shift under circular polarization sign change. In that particular case the manifestation of spin-orbit interaction of a photon can be considered as a result of break down of the axial symmetry of a medium. That interpretation allows us to predict the existence of the inverse effect — the influence of the polarization on the light propagation in a homogeneous medium. Let us consider the propagation of the linear polarized light through a half of lens. The linear polarized light can be considered as a superposition of the left and right circular polarized light. According to [9, 10] the centers of gravity of the left and right circular polarized light will not coincide. Let us screen the half of the focal plane. The estimation based on the results [9] has shown that the transmitted light will be right or left elliptically polarized with degree of the ellipticity < iO. That scheme was experimentally realized. The change of the ellipticity of the correct sign was observed. The preliminary results were reported in [11]. That effect can be also considered as the geometric light depolarization.
The transverse shift of the focal waist of a converging asymmetrical circular- polarized light beam was observed experimentally under switching the sign of the circular polarization. The value of the shift corresponds to the quantitative estima- tion.
The effect of space phase self-modulation of light by a photorefractive crystal Ba2NaNb5O15 in an external alternating electric field was experimentally observed.
The influence of a longitudinal magnetic field on the behavior of the speckle-pattern of light, transmitted through an optical fiber, is investigated. The rotation of the speckle-pattern was observed. The angle of the rotation corresponds in order of magnitude and in sign to the Faraday rotation.
Here is theoretical research and experimental implementation of systems to change the polarization state of light with wave length tuning. The systems consist of several birefringent plates with different orientation.
The optical Magnus effect is manifested in rotation of the speckle-pattern of a circularly polarized laser beam transmitted through a multimode fiber under circular polarization sign changel. The effect is essentially connected with the interference of different modes and must occur, in principle, in a fiber with a few modes as well.
Tt is found that the experimentally measured the time-dependent fluorescence Stokes shift (TDFSS) in three-component solutions sligh- tly slower from that predicted by Smoluchowskl-Vlasov equation (SVE) that may be explained by the absence of the small wave vector contri- bution.
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