Cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract remain a major contributor to overall cancer risk. This study showcases the potential of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in tissue characterisation intraoperatively during stomach and oesophageal cancer surgery. The data is normalised, and significant features are selected to improve tissue discrimination accuracy. Using a sterilisable reflection fibre probe, we achieved remarkable sensitivities: 88.11% and 97.09% for the stomach, and 88.35% and 95.05% for the oesophagus. The noteworthy outcomes of this research study have the potential to revolutionise surgical decision-making and accuracy, pushing the boundaries of technological integration in clinical practice.
Cancers of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract remain a major contributor to overall cancer risk. This study uses a sterilisable diffuse reflectance spectroscopic probe for tissue characterisation intraoperatively during stomach and oesophageal cancer surgery. Histopathology correlation is achieved by the surgeon marking the optical probed tissue locations after the acquisition of spectral data. The data is normalised, and significant features are selected to improve tissue discrimination accuracy. Supervised classification algorithms are used for discrimination between tumour and non-tumour tissue and evaluated in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the curve.
Cancers of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract remain a major contributor to the global cancer risk. This study uses a diffuse reflectance spectroscopic probe for tissue characterisation. An approach to reconstruct a dense 3D model of tissue surface from stereo optical videos is proposed. The reconstructed tissue model is used to aid histology correlation, and thus tissue classification. The extracted tissue depth information is combined with the 3D DRS probe position offering an enhanced augmented visualisation of the specimen. The recovery of 3D tissue structure and probe location will enable the accurate deployment of surgical guidance in minimal invasive surgery.
Cancers of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract remain a major contributor to the global cancer risk. This study uses a diffuse reflectance spectroscopic probe for tissue characterisation. Optical tracking of the DRS probe is used to aid histology correlation. Supervised classification algorithms are used for discrimination between tumour and non-tumour tissue and evaluated in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the curve. A live augmented view with all the tracked and classified biopsy sites is presented, providing visual feedback to the surgeons. Thus, the system provides real-time tissue discrimination, whilst clinical outcomes for patients are optimised.
Significance: Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) allows discrimination of tissue type. Its application is limited by the inability to mark the scanned tissue and the lack of real-time measurements.
Aim: This study aimed to develop a real-time tracking system to enable localization of a DRS probe to aid the classification of tumor and non-tumor tissue.
Approach: A green-colored marker attached to the DRS probe was detected using hue-saturation-value (HSV) segmentation. A live, augmented view of tracked optical biopsy sites was recorded in real time. Supervised classifiers were evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy. A developed software was used for data collection, processing, and statistical analysis.
Results: The measured root mean square error (RMSE) of DRS probe tip tracking was 1.18 ± 0.58 mm and 1.05 ± 0.28 mm for the x and y dimensions, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of the system to classify tumor and non-tumor tissue in real time was 94% for stomach and 96% for the esophagus.
Conclusions: We have successfully developed a real-time tracking and classification system for a DRS probe. When used on stomach and esophageal tissue for tumor detection, the accuracy derived demonstrates the strength and clinical value of the technique to aid margin assessment in cancer resection surgery.
The use of a diffuse reflectance spectroscopy probe and tracking system was successfully used in real-time for automated tissue classification in upper gastrointestinal surgery to aid resection margin assessment.
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