High index dielectric (HID) metasurfaces are gaining interest in nanophotonics due to their highly tunable optical response which stems from supporting both magnetic and electric resonances, and typically low material losses. These characteristics make them viable candidates for a variety of applications, which if based of silicon, could be in principle compatible with CMOS technology. Being geometrical in nature, the sensitivity of resonances of an isolated dielectric nanoresonator to the refractive index of a homogeneous environment is low. Hence, effort is needed to utilize them as sensors of their surrounding. Herein we discuss various physical aspects that govern the spectral response and sensitivity of HID particles and their metasurfaces to changes in their environment. The specific effects under study are the aspect ratio of a single HID antenna, interaction with a substrate, and the effect of interparticle coupling in amorphous metasurfaces. To provide optimal solutions for HID sensors, it is crucial to understand the interplay of the above effects and strive to attain a regime in which they work in tandem to maximize the sensitivity. We utilize the T-matrix method to carry out calculations with explicit HID nanoantennas as well as describe a computationally efficient and accurate T-matrix-based effective model of amorphous metasurfaces to describe their optical response, accounting for multiple scattering effects and the presence of the substrate. Using this approach, we elucidate how the investigated effects shape the sensitivity of a HID sensor and how to combine the various geometrical aspects to design a sensitive device.
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